Abstract
Forest environmental services (FES) is a key solution to balance conservation and local development. For in-situ conservation, only a small number of Vietnam’s protected areas that have FES ...activities and revenue from their PFES has been low. Increasing awareness and sharing information and knowledge of protected areas’ PFES to promote PFES policy is needed. Among sharing information media, web map has recently been paid attention to. This study aims to develop a multi-scale web map of protected areas’ FES. Study areas include CatTien National Park (NP) (detailed scale), NPs of Southeast Vietnam, and social-economic zones (generalized scales). Input data include provincial reports on PFES projects, provincial PFES plans, and GIS data on provincial/NP’s forest resources and management and protection of the forest. Based on Law on Forestry 2017, Decree 156/NĐ-CP, and related regulations, GIS analysis was carried out to calculate K-Coefficient; supplied and paid FES areas; the amount of payment; and socio-economic and environmental impacts of PFES. The web map, which is developed and published via ArcGIS Platform, is a series of 53/79 expected multi-scale maps with interactive tools. The result shows that web mapping of protected areas’ FES is feasible. Although there is a limitation of data collection, the web map result is acceptable for the purpose of sharing information and raising people’s awareness.
Usability Evaluation of Web Mapping Sites Nivala, Annu-Maaria; Brewster, Stephen; Sarjakoski, Tiina L.
Cartographic journal,
05/2008, Volume:
45, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
To identify the potential usability problems of Web mapping sites, four different sites were evaluated: Google Maps, MSN Maps & Directions, MapQuest, and Multimap. The experiment comprised a series ...of expert evaluations and user tests. During the expert evaluations, eight usability engineers and eight cartographers examined the Web mapping sites by paying attention to their features and functionality. Additionally, eight user tests were carried out by ordinary users in a usability laboratory. In all, 403 usability problems were identified during the trial and were grouped according to their severity. A qualitative description is given of these usability problems, many of which were related to search operations that the users performed at the Web mapping sites. There were also several problems relating to the user interface, map visualisation, and map tools. We suggest some design guidelines for Web mapping sites based on the problems we identified and close the paper with a discussion of the findings and some conclusions.
In the article, authors have analyzed cartographic materials presenting the spatial development of Gliwice with the use of multimedia tools. The materials prove that this area has played an important ...part in the road system of the region, country and even part of Europe since the 19th century. The six maps from the studied area were analyzed e.g., the Urmesstischblätter map, polish topographic maps, and the OpenStreetMap. Based on these maps and their legends, vectorization of the main roads of the analyzed area was carried out. The evolution of the main road corridors on the six maps was analyzed with respect to the location of the European freeway junction (A1/A4), constituting a basis for the web map. According to the authors, the use of the interactive web map is the most comprehensive method of all technologies used by modern cartography. Spatial data collected from different cartographic publications (from the first half of the 19th century till the present) consider the most significant aspects of changes in the road network of the analyzed area in a detailed and user-friendly way.
Recent developments in web map applications have widely affected how background maps are rendered. Raster tiles are currently considered as a regular solution, while the use of vector tiles is ...becoming more widespread. This article describes an experiment to test both raster and vector tile methods. The concept behind raster tiles is based on pre-generating an original dataset including a customized symbology and style. All tiles are generated according to a standardized scheme. This method has a few disadvantages: if any change in the dataset is required, the entire tile-generating process must be redone. Vector tiles manipulate vector objects. Only vector geometry is stored on the server, while symbology, rendering, and defining zoom levels run on the client-side. This method simplifies changing symbology or topology. Based on eight pilot studies, performance testing on loading time, data size, and the number of requests were performed. The observed results provide a comprehensive comparison according to specific interactions. More data, but only one or two tiles, were downloaded for vector tiles in zoom and move interactions, while 40 tiles were downloaded for raster tiles for the same interactions. Generally, the WebP format downloaded about three times fewer data than Portable Network Graphics (PNG).
We developed a set of web-based tools to meet the demand for spatial planning and help to determine the available space suitable for marine aquaculture activity. These tools were derived from AkvaVis ...concept, which was initially designed for the management of Norwegian aquaculture. The AkvaVis concept was adapted to different national aquaculture contexts and two other tools were developed in France and China. Besides using GIS maps and thematic layers, interactive functions were added to enable the user to select spatial parameters, build indicators for aquaculture siting and instantly display the requested information. For each tool, we describe the main technical features, input data, data geoprocessing, output products, tool strengths and limits, and applicability to other case studies.
The three tools we present share common concepts and features:•use of standardized protocols for data (Web Feature Services, Web Map Services)•reusability of the modules developed for applications to other case studies•web-based interface for spatial data viewing and processingThey also show some differences, e.g., the Chinese tool exists as a desktop or a web-based support system. Differences and demonstrations for different aquaculture contexts in Europe and China offer some flexibility in future applications.
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Road generalization is a method for thinning out road networks to allow easy viewing according to the size of the map. Most conventional road generalization methods mainly focus on the length of a ...stroke, which is a chain of links with good continuity based on the principle of perceptual grouping applied to network data such as roads and rivers. However, in the case of facility search in a web map service, for example, a “restaurant guide map,” a road generalization mechanism can be more effective if it depends not only on the stroke length but also on the facility search results. Accordingly, in this study, we implement an on-demand road generalization method that adapts to both the facility search results and the stroke length. Moreover, a sufficiently fast response speed is achieved for practical use in web map services. In particular, this study proposes a fat-stroke model that links facility information to individual strokes and implements a road generalization method that uses this model to improve the response time. In addition, we develop a prototype based on the proposed system. The system evaluation results are based on three indicators, namely, response time of the road generalization system, connectivity between strokes, and connectivity between stroke and facilities. Our experimental results suggest that the proposed method can yield improved response times by a factor of 100 or more while affording higher connectivity.
Massive maps have been shared as Web Map Service (WMS) from various providers, which could be used to facilitate people's daily lives and support space analysis and management. The theme ...classification of maps could help users efficiently find maps and support theme-related applications. Traditionally, metadata is usually used in analyzing maps content, few papers use maps, especially legends. In fact, people usually considers metadata, maps and legends together to understand what maps tell, however, no study has tried to exploit how to combine them. This paper proposes a method to fuse them with the purpose of classifying map themes, named latent feature based multimodality fusion for theme classification (LFMF-TC). Firstly, a multimodal dataset is created that supports the supervised classification on map themes. Secondly, textual and visual features are designed for metadata, maps, and legends using some advanced techniques. Thirdly, a latent feature based fusion method is proposed to fuse the multimodal features on the feature level. Finally, a neural network classifier is implemented using supervised learning on the multimodal dataset. In addition, a web-based collaboration platform is developed to facilitate users in labeling multimodal samples through an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI). Extensive experiments are designed and implemented, whose results prove that LFMF-TC could significantly improve the classification accuracy. In theory, the LFMF-TC could be used for other applications with few modifications.
In our proposed optical image cryptosystem, two pairs of phase-amplitude masks are generated from the chaotic web map for image encryption in the 4f double random phase-amplitude encoding (DRPAE) ...system. Instead of transmitting the real keys and the enormous masks codes, only a few observed measurements intermittently chosen from the masks are delivered. Based on compressive sensing paradigm, we suitably refine the series expansions of web map equations to better reconstruct the underlying system. The parameters of the chaotic equations can be successfully calculated from observed measurements and then can be used to regenerate the correct random phase-amplitude masks for decrypting the encoded information. Numerical simulations have been performed to verify the proposed optical image cryptosystem. This cryptosystem can provide a new key management and distribution method. It has the advantages of sufficiently low occupation of the transmitted key codes and security improvement of information transmission without sending the real keys.
Interactive maps can be an important marketing tool for disseminating information about long distance walking trails and a way to value add to the recreation experience. Providing participatory ...functionality to maps by allowing users to share new information or refine existing information can greatly enhance user interest and improve the product. This research uses open source front and back end technologies to develop a single page, database driven participatory web map application for the Walk the Yorke Trail in South Australia. The development is based on and assessed through a user-centred design approach. The prototype participatory web map is assessed by cartographic experts, trail managers, and trail users. These evaluations indicate the validity of the design directions taken but highlight the need for information quality and quantity when encouraging participation from knowledgeable trail users, and the need for tools to ensure the continuing quality of further submitted information.
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