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•Obtained bio-polyols based on mustard oil had similar properties like commercial polyol.•Foams based on new bio-polyols had lower apparent density and brittleness.•Foams based on new ...bio-polyols had thermal insulation properties at the level of reference foam.•The presence of hydrophobic segments from oil in foams decreased water absorption.•Foams based on bio-polyols were susceptible to biodegradation.
Two new bio-polyols based on unrefined white mustard (Sinapis alba) oil were obtained as a result of two-step synthesis consisting of epoxidation of double bonds and subsequent opening of the created oxirane rings. Plant-based bio-polyols have been thoroughly characterized for their suitability for the production of polyurethane materials. Their basic analytical parameters such as hydroxyl value, acid value and water content were determined. Physicochemical properties of obtained compounds were also determined. The assumed chemical structures were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The obtained results of polyols test allowed the development of new formulations of rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams, in which petrochemical polyol was partially replaced by new compounds. Two series of foams based on mustard oil based bio-polyols were obtained. Physico-mechanical properties, aging resistance, thermal insulation properties, flammability and susceptibility to biodegradation in soil environment were tested in new bio-based RPU/PIR foams. Foams modified by bio-polyols had lower apparent density, lower brittleness, lower absorbability and water absorption than the reference foam. Flammability and thermal insulation properties were at the level of the reference foam. However, modification of RPU/PIR foams by mustard oil-based polyols significantly improved the susceptibility to biodegradation in the soil environment of these materials.
White mustard (
L.) seed oil is used for cooking, food preservation, body and hair revitalization, biodiesel production, and as a diesel fuel additive and alternative biofuel. This review focuses on ...biodiesel production from white mustard seed oil as a feedstock. The review starts by outlining the botany and cultivation of white mustard plants, seed harvest, drying and storage, and seed oil composition and properties. This is followed by white mustard seed pretreatments (shelling, preheating, and grinding) and processing techniques for oil recovery (pressing, solvent extraction, and steam distillation) from whole seeds, ground seed or kernels, and press cake. Novel technologies, such as aqueous, enzyme-assisted aqueous, supercritical CO
, and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction, are also discussed. The main part of the review considers biodiesel production from white mustard seed oil, including fuel properties and performance. The economic, environmental, social, and human health risk/toxicological impacts of white mustard-based biodiesel production and use are also discussed.
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•p-Hydroxybenzoic and sinapic acids are the two main phenolics in white mustard seeds.•Sinapic acid was identified as sinapine, methyl and ethyl ...sinapate.•4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid was identified as its alkyl esters.•Mustard seeds are good raw material for the recovery of value-added antioxidants.
White mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds were investigated for their phenolic profile and antioxidant potential. Sinapic acid was identified in significant quantities, as sinapine, and also as methyl and ethyl sinapate, which are generally less reported in the literature. p-Hydroxybenzoic and sinapic acid were the main phenolic acids in both the free fraction and the fraction released from the soluble bound form, with higher p-hydroxybenzoic acid than sinapic acid. 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid and its alkyl esters were also identified. Among the flavonoids, the most abundant were quercetin and epicatechin. In addition to radical-scavenging activities, the mustard seed methanolic extract showed reducing power and chelating activity. On the basis of results of its effect in emulsion, bulk oil and oleogel oxidation assays and the polar nature of the principal antioxidant components, it would be best suitable in bulk oil and oleogel lipid systems, for the prevention of lipid peroxidation.
Several studies have reported positive effect of cover crop on topsoil physical properties as well as weed suppression, but few have quantified its effect on Fusarium head blight prevention. This ...study explored the effect of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) as cover crops on weed pressure and Fusarium infestation in spring wheat and spring barley grain under different tillage systems.
Five tillage practices were investigated in a loam soil in long term tillage experiment in Central Lithuania in Dotnuva: deep ploughing (22–24 cm), shallow ploughing (16–18 cm), shallow harrowing (8–10 cm), deep harrowing (14–16 cm) and direct drilling, with and without cover crop. Cover crops were sown using fertilizer spreader: white mustard seed were spread before harvest of the spring wheat and spring barley in 2013 and 2014, respectively and white clover – at the beginning of vegetation of winter oilseed rape in early spring, in 2017. Cover crops effect on Fusarium fungi was evaluated in spring cereals grown after the cover crop: in spring barley in 2014 and in spring wheat in 2018.
Both cover crops resulted in lower weed pressure for a post - harvest period under different tillage practises. White mustard suppressed weed air-dry mass up to 90 and white clover up to 99 percent. White mustard has influenced the decrease of Fusarium graminearum contamination in spring barley grain as well as white clover reduced F. culmorum infestation level in spring wheat grain. Our results suggest that white mustard and white clover as cover crops might be an option for integrated pest management in order to supplement weed control strategy and Fusarium head blight prevention under sustainable tillage practises.
•Cover crops decreased weed infestation for a post-harvest period.•White mustard reduced grain contamination by Fusarium graminearum in spring barley.•White clover negatively affected Fusarium culmorum infestation in spring wheat grain.•Cover crops may supplement integrated pest management for weed and FHB control.
Recycling of solid biowaste and manure would reduce the dependence of agriculture on synthetic products. Most of the available studies on the effects of exogenous organic matter (EOM) application to ...soil were focused on nutrients and crop yield, with much less attention to microbiological processes in soil, especially using modern molecular methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various types of manure, sewage sludge and bottom sediment on the biochemical activity and biodiversity of soil and plant yield in a pot experiment. The soil was treated with a range of EOM types: six types of manure (cattle, pig, goat, poultry, rabbit and horse manure; two bottom sediments (from urban and rural systems); and two types of municipal sewage sludge. All EOMs stimulated dehydrogenases activity at a rate of 20 t ha−1. Alkaline phosphatase was mostly stimulated by poultry manure and one of the sludges. In general, the two-fold greater rate of EOMs did not further accelerate the soil enzymes. The functional diversity of the soil microbiome was stimulated the most by cattle and goat manure. EOMs produce a shift in distribution of the most abundant bacterial phyla and additionally introduce exogenous bacterial genera to soil. Poultry and horse manure introduced the greatest number of new genera that were able to survive the strong competition in soil. EOMs differentiated plant growth in our study, which was correlated to the rate of nitrate release to soil. The detailed impacts of particular amendments were EOM-specific, but in general, no harm for microbial parameters was observed for manure and sludge application, regardless of their type. There was also no proof that the PAH and pesticide contents measured in manure or sludge had any effect on microbial activity and diversity.
Cyanides from the Seeds of Sinapis alba Wang, Lu; Kong, Degang; Sang, Bo ...
Revista brasileira de farmacognosia,
12/2022, Volume:
32, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A phytochemical investigation of the seeds of
Sinapis alba
L., Brassicaceae, resulted in the isolation of two undescribed cyanide compounds, 4-hydroxy-3-((4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl) phenylacetonitrile ...and 4-hydroxy-3-((4-hydroxy-3-((4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)phenyl)methyl) phenylacetonitrile. Their chemical structures were elucidated by NMR and HR-ESI–MS analyses.
Graphical abstract
•The effect of trap plants on sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN) level was studied.•Trap plants did not consistently decrease SBCN population in two environments.•Trap plants reduced SBCN level with ...differences between cultivars.•Cultivar selection is important for trap plants growing prior to sugar beet planting.
Crop damage by the sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN) can be mitigated by trap plants planting. We studied the effect of planting two commercial cultivars of oilseed radish ‘Adagio’ and ‘Colonel’ and white mustard ‘Luna’ and ‘Accent’ on SBCN population levels in two locations in Iran in 2009–11, and the subsequent response of sugar beets. Trap plants significantly reduced the number of nematode eggs+J2 with differences between cultivars. Reproductive rates reduction were 70 and 82–93% respect to the fallow control plots in the Isfahan and Khorasan Razavi locations, respectively. Sugar beets grown after incorporating oilseed radish and white mustard forage to soil in Isfahan had significantly higher yields (1.29–1.91%) compared with the fallow control. However, in Khorasan Razavi the sugar yield increased by 1.36% only in plots planted with oilseed radish ‘Adagio’. Sugar beet after oilseed radish ‘Adagio’ and ‘Colonel’ and white mustard ‘Accent’ in Isfahan, and after oilseed radish ‘Colonel’ in Khorasan Razavi also had higher sugar content (1.66–1.95 and 1.23%, respectively) compared with the control.
The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of thioglycosides has already been established. This study investigates the effects of thioglycosides extracted from white mustard, specifically the ..."Bamberka" variety, in the context of oral hygiene. The aim of the study is to clarify an evidence-based link between the documented antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects attributed to thioglycosides and their practical application in oral care. A randomized, single-blinded (patient-blinded) clinical study was performed on 66 patients using mustard-based toothpaste for oral hygiene. The patients were examined at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. The values of the Approximal Plaque Index (API), the Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding on probing (BOP) were taken into consideration. The results show a significant reduction in plaque accumulation, especially after 6 months of using mustard-based toothpaste in all examined parameters. This suggests that thioglycosides from mustard contribute to a considerable decrease in dental plaque accumulation, confirming their potential in natural oral care solutions, which is indicated in the main conclusions or interpretations.
•A nitrogen fertilizer dose around 100kg/ha leads to maximum grain yield.•An increase of plant density influences C18:2 concentration in the oil.•Properties of Sinapis alba biodiesel were predicted ...according to agricultural practices.
Most of oilseed crops used in biodiesel (BD) production are also suitable for human consumption and widely consumed in the world. For this reason, some non-governmental organizations and social movements controversially pinpoint the making of BD as the main cause of increased global edible oils prices, especially in developing countries. In this way, non-edible oilseed crops are gaining prominence for BD synthesis. Particularly, in the Mediterranean climate there is a crop that may have potential as raw material for biodiesel production, namely white mustard (Sinapis alba). In the present study, this species has been grown during two consecutive years optimizing two factors, plant density and nitrogen fertilizer dose. The influence of these factors on biomass yield and fatty acid composition is studied. S. alba oil was chemically extracted with hexane providing a yield of 25% (mass of extracted oil per mass of grain seed, on dry basis). Physical properties and FA profile of S. alba oil (by gas chromatography) were analyzed. Results show that both plant density and nitrogen fertilizer dose have influence on concentration of both linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). In addition, the presence of erucic acid (C22:1) was significantly high (above 50%). Important BD properties included in standard EN 14214 were predicted by means of mathematical models. Results showed that white mustard oil BD may provide a cetane number above 60, a density value lower than 900kg/m3 and a cold filter plugging point suitable for it use in temperate climates, where this plant mainly grows. However, kinematic viscosity predicted value was above the maximum one allowed by European regulation (5mm2/s).
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