To solve the two-workshop integrated scheduling problem with the same device resources, existing algorithms pay attention to the horizontal parallel processing of the process tree and ignore the ...tightness between vertical serial processes. A scheduling algorithm for two-workshop production with the time-selective strategy and Backtracking Strategy is proposed. The scheduling order of each process in the process tree needs to be determined, which will be completed by the process sequence sequencing strategy. The scheduling plan also needs to be determined, which will be completed using the time-selective scheduling strategy for the two workshops. At the same time, the “reference time” is set for the current scheduling process. To find a better scheduling scheme, the “scheduling reference time” is recorded as T. If the time of the current scheduling process scheme is greater than T, the backtracking adjustment strategy will be used to track the process scheduling scheme. Finally, experiments show that the algorithm not only ensures the parallel processing of parallel processes but also effectively improves the tightness of serial processes and optimizes the results of integrated scheduling.
The visualization of workshop information can affect production management and efficiency. Information can be presented both graphically and non-graphically (for example, in the form of data lists or ...tables). Graphical representations are intuitive and clear, but currently, most of them are based on statistical data, which makes it difficult to convey logical linkages between information and cannot help managers make decisions effectively. With the aim of designing the workshop production system with visual processes in small-sized enterprises, the key visualization technologies of the process flow chart, including the visual design of process flow chart, process card management, process flow chart release, process control, and production schedule monitoring, were all addressed in detail. On this basis, the mechanical manufacturing workshop production management system was created using C#.NET as the programming language. The main contribution of the research is that the system designed used the process flow chart as the main line through all functional modules and integrated all process data on the process nodes of the process flow chart to realize the graphical monitoring of workshop production schedule. The visualization technology of the process flow chart makes the system simple to use and easy to understand, which significantly improves information management and work efficiency in the workshop. Additionally, it provides the technical foundation for flow-driven production information transfer in the workshop and can serve as a universal standard for the process module in workshop production management systems.
For the scheduling problem of complex products in multi-workshop production, this paper studied the BOM (Bill of Materials) structure of complex products and the characteristics of the process route ...and developed the construction method of a multi-level process network diagram. Based on this, a comprehensive mathematical model for scheduling on multi-workshop production was proposed. An improved particle swarm algorithm (PSO) was proposed to solve the problem. By constructing the network subgraph, the invalid search path of the algorithm was avoided, and the efficiency of the algorithm was improved. In addition, for the scheduling problem with product time constraints, this paper presented a path search rescheduling strategy to ensure that the algorithm could obtain an effective search path. Finally, the model and algorithm were verified through a case study. This paper optimized the parameters of the algorithm by different tests and obtained the optimal range of the parameters. At the same time, through the analysis of the scheduling of complex products in a multi-workshop environment, the effectiveness and practicability of the above methods were verified.
How did people in preIndustrial ancient civilizations produce and distribute bulk items, such as salt, needed for everyday use by their large urban populations? This report focuses on the ancient ...Maya who obtained quantities of salt at cities in the interior of the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala in an area where salt is scarce. I report the discovery of 41 Late Classic Maya saltworks (anno Domini 600-900) in Punta Ycacos Lagoon on the south coast of Belize, including one with the first-known ancient Maya canoe paddle. The discoveries add important empirical information for evaluating the extent of surplus salt production and river transport during the height of Late Classic civilization in the southern Maya lowlands. The discovery of the saltworks indicates that there was extensive production and distribution of goods and resources outside the cities in the interior of the Yucatan. The discovery of a wooden canoe paddle from one of the Punta Ycacos saltworks, Ka'k' Naab', ties the production of salt to its inland transport by rivers and documents the importance of canoe trade between the coast and the interior during the Late Classic. Archaeological discovery of multiple saltworks on the Belizean coast represents surplus production of salt destined largely for the inland Peten Maya during their Late Classic peak, underscoring the importance of non-state-controlled workshop production in preIndustrial societies.
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Ivories Tournavitou, Iphigenia
A Companion to the Archaeology of Early Greece and the Mediterranean,
12/2019
Book Chapter
The deep, purely aesthetic attraction of ivory, that seems to transcend the commercial value of the raw material, has been part of human heritage since Paleolithic times. The allure of ivory lies in ...its collective appreciation as a diachronic symbol of excellence, embodying and displaying values, which ultimately define and sustain human hierarchies of esteem. Although the elite status of ivory and ivory carving in general is manifest in both the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age, the sociopolitical infrastructure for the procurement of the raw material and the organization of workshop production was entirely different. In the 2nd millennium, the acquisition and exploitation of ivory was a primarily palatial prerogative, funded and organized by the palatial elites, in accordance with long‐established practices in Egypt and the Near East. The demise of the Mycenaean palaces resulted in the effective elimination of ivory carving in the Aegean.
In the Iberian Iron Age, the transition to workshop-based pottery production involved the use of innovative tools (the potter's wheel and kiln) and dedicated workspace. This facilitated an ...intensification of production, with repercussions for consumption practices and the economy. Cross-craft comparison can contribute to understanding the transmission processes underpinning this transition, as well as its impact on local craft traditions. This paper discusses an archaeometric methodology to compare the technological procedures underpinning different clay crafts to reveal crossovers and divergences that are meaningful for understanding cross craft interaction and the spread of technological innovations. We use thin-section ceramic petrography, X-Ray Fluorescence, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, and X-Ray Diffraction to analyse the mineralogical and geochemical compositions and levels of standardisation in hand-made pottery, wheel-made ceramics, and ceramic building materials from the Late Iron Age oppidum of Monte Bernorio (Aguilar de Campoo, Palencia) and the kiln site of El Cerrito (Cella, Teruel). The results demonstrate that wheel-made pottery was produced according to a highly uniform clay preparation and clay selection procedure, which spanned the northern Iberian Plateau and largely existed in isolation from local pottery traditions. At Monte Bernorio, wheel-made pottery was made on-site from non-local clays, suggesting that suitable clays were brought to the site, perhaps by itinerant potters working on a seasonal basis. Technological traditions were thus largely polarised, demonstrating that knowledge, skills, and markets relating to workshop-produced pottery were enacted by a segment of society operating as part of a closed technological system.
Background: In this study, objects are used as a representation of relational wellbeing to help young refugees living in Norway, Scotland, and Finland to talk about important persons who make them ...feel well. At the time of this research, there is no known study that uses objects to facilitate narratives of how young refugees and members of their social networks generate relational wellbeing. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, young refugees participated in individual interviews about the objects they brought to art workshops to understand their experiences, feelings, and acts of wellbeing. Results: Treating each object as unique to the owner was powerful in revealing how relational wellbeing is experienced and expressed. There were overlaps in experiences and expressions of wellbeing, hence our themes of discussion: overlaps between old and new social ties; between time and space; and between the three constructs of relational wellbeing. Old ties were not forgotten; instead, they evolved to a different form, supporting young refugees from a distance, while new ties contributed to what is needed in their present and at their current age. Experiences of relational wellbeing transcended time and space between their disrupted places of origin, their experiences on the journey, and settling in their new countries. The constructs of relational wellbeing—feeling good, being connected, and having enough—were inseparable in the participants’ experiences. Conclusions: We conclude that these overlaps have implications for a relational wellbeing approach in theory and practice. The results leave a challenge for both researchers and practitioners to develop complex research and intervention methods that can capture these tapestries of young refugees’ experiences of relational wellbeing.
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