The composition and properties of different NSP fractions of grain legumes, cereals and rapeseed meal are described and their implications in ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in pigs ...are discussed. The effects of exogenous carbohydrases added to the diets of young pigs on protein digestibility are presented
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of digesta viscosity on the development of the digestive tract, motility of the small intestine and digestion of nutrients in the early stages of ...life of broiler chickens. At the age of 1 week sixty-six broiler Hybro females were allocated to 3 groups, 22 per group. The birds were caged individually and fed ad libitum a control, wheat-based diet supplemented with xylanase (1 g/kg), or rye-based diets: R, non-supplemented or RE, supplemented with xylanase (3 g/kg). Diets were cold pelleted. Body weight and feed intake were registered in weekly intervals. In the fourth week of life apparent fat and protein digestibility and metabolizable energy value of the diet were estimated in a balance study on 8 birds from each group. In the fifth week of life all birds were sacrificed and the extent of stomach distention was scored from 1 (normal) to 5 (most distended). Duodenum and jejunum fragments were taken and their in vitro motility was measured in 7 chickens per group. From the remaining birds the content of the stomach, jejunum and ileum were collected for viscosity measurements
A new derivatization procedure for fatty acids followed by HPLC analysis with UV detection is described. Originally, derivatization was carried out with acetone solutions of 2,4'-dibromoacetophenone ...and triethylamine at 50 deg C for 2 h. To prevent oxidation and izomerization, unsaturated fatty acids and conjugated dienes in particular were derivatized at a lower temperature (40 deg C) for 30 min using a concentrated solution of 2,4'-dibromoacetophenone in acetone and triethylamine. The new derivatization method decreases the risk of degradation and izomerization of unsaturated fatty acids. Due to use of higher concentrations of substrates in reaction mixtures, significantly enhanced sensivity of fatty acid analysis is observed. In contrast to the original derivatization method, the new one can be successfully used for both large and trace concentrations of fatty acids in various types of biological materials
Two experiments, each of about 40 kg liveweight, fitted with a catheter in the common bile duct and a T-piece cannula in the duodeum, were coducted to assess the influence of fibre and protein in the ...diet on exocrine pancreatic and bile secretion. The fibre content in the diet for sheep has no influence on bile-pancreatic juice secretion or its amino acid profile, but a higher undergraded protein level in the diet increases nitrogen secretion and chymotrypsin activity in sheep
The presented HPLC method with UV detections at 230.7 and 337 nm offer the low intra- and inter-assay coefficient variations, high recoveries, so this procedure gives satisfactory precision, ...reproducibility and accuracy. The use of the UV detection at 337 nm offers lower limits of detection and quantification than UV monitoring at 230.7 nm and the fluorescence detection. However UV measurements at 230.7 nm produced strongest signals as compared with UV signals at 337 nm and the fluorescence detections. The presented HPLC method with UV 230.7 nm enabled quantified of 2,6-diaminopielic acid (DAPA) as the largest signal, so this HPLC mode can be applied for estimation of ruminal bacterial protein supply to ruminants and for monitoring of bacterial contamination of examined material
Green forage of fourteen lucerne varieties was harvested in these stages: the first growth in the budding stage (cut I), re-growths in the pre-bloom stage of maturity (cut II) 35 days after the first ...cut, and the next cut, 42 days later (cut III). Three bulls equipped with rumen and duodenal cannulas were used to study rumen degradability by the nylon bag technique and intestinal digestibility by the mobile bag method. Phenological stage and temperature during vegetation influenced the chemical composition of different cuts. The stage of maturity of the lucerne influenced the rate of digestibility of dry matter and cell content along the alimentary tract, but this effect was not significant for crude protein, crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relevance of formulating pig diets according to apparent ileal digestible amino acid contents. In Exp. 1, six pigs were fitted with post-valvular ...T-caecum (PVTC) cannula in order to determine apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acids of soyabean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM), maize (M), wheat (W) and barley (B). In Exp. 2, two consecutive balance trials were performed with four groups of six male pigs (Polish Landrace) of initial body weight of about 28 kg. Pigs were fed according to their metabolic BW with four diets differing in CP levels, formulated on the basis of ileal digestible amino acid content, according to Dutch recommendations (Voedenormen Landbouwhuisdieren, Centraal Veevoederbureau, No. 18, Lelystad, The Netherlands, 1995). Two diets containing low (L-SBM) and high (H-SBM) protein level: 151 and 165 g/kg, respectively, were composed of soyabean meal, maize and barley, and two other diets containing also low (L-RSM) and high (H-RSM) protein level: 161 and 175 g/kg, respectively were composed of rapeseed meal and wheat.
In Exp. 1, distinct differences were found between SBM and RSM in their digestibilities of CP (77.0 and 59.5%, respectively) and all amino acids. Among the cereals, CP digestibility and that of most amino acids were the highest for wheat and the lowest for barley. In Exp. 2, urinary N excretion, expressed in percent of intake, was the highest in pigs fed on diets H-RSM (36.2%) and L-RSM (37.0%) and was the lowest on diet L-SBM (30.1%). Accordingly, N retention was lower (
P<0.001) after feeding rapeseed than soyabean meal diets (on average 47.5 and 52.2%, respectively). Daily N retention ranged from 20.0 g (L-RSM) to 22.9 g (H-SBM), and these values differed at
P<0.05. Possible factors affecting balance differences are discussed.
It seems that the different compensatory response of pig previously underfed for protein or feed intake resulted from the different physiological state of their organism at the end of restriction. ...During subsequent realimentation a compensatory response was directed to the part of the body which growth had been reduced the most during restriction. In the case of pigs previously underfed for protein, body protein stores were strongly reduced, so during realimentation this body component was restored first of all, even at the cost of fat deposition. However, fat reserves in the body as well as the weight of entrails of the pigs previously restricted for feed intake were so low that compensatory protein gain was allocated in the viscera, the remaining feed components consumed with feed were directed to repletion of body fat reserves
The results of the study indicate that in pigs, plant phytase was 32 and 41 percent less effective per 1000 units activity than microbial phytase in diets with rapeseed meal and soyabean meal, ...respectively, and that the effect of both types of phytase is additive. It may be claimed that supplementing microbial phytase to diets with a high plant phytase content can substantially increase the digestibility of plant phosphorus
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