Exposure to particulate matter is associated with DNA damage and the risk of lung cancer. Protein p53 is activated by multi-site phosphorylation in the early stages of DNA damage and affects cell ...outcome. Our study aimed to assess the effect of (100 µg/mL
−1
/24 h) standardized air pollutants: carbon black (CB), urban dust (UD), and nanoparticle carbon black (NPCB) on cell cycle, DNA damage and 53 phosphorylation at Ser 9, Ser 20, Ser 46, and Ser 392 in proliferating and quiescent A549 cells and in cells that survived cisplatin (CisPT) exposure. Phosphorylated p53 was quantified in cell subpopulations by flow cytometry using specific fluorochrome-tagged monoclonal antibodies and analysis of bivariate fluorescence distribution scatterplots. CisPT, UD and NPCB increased site-specific p53 phosphorylation producing unique patterns. NPCB activated all sites irrespectively on the cell cycle, while the UD was more selective. p53 Ser 9-P and p53 Ser 20-P positively correlated with the numbers of CisPT-treated cells at G0/G1, and NPCB and NPCB + CisPT produced a similar effect. A positive correlation and integrated response were also found between Ser 20-P and Ser 392-P in resting A549 cells treated with NPCB and CisPT but not UD. Interdependence between the expression of p53 phosphorylated at Ser 20, and Ser 392 and cell cycle arrest show that posttranslational alterations are related to functional activation. Our data suggest that p53 protein phosphorylation in response to specific DNA damage is driven by multiple independent and integrated pathways to produce functional activation critical in cancer prevention and treatment.
The ability of air particulate matter (PM) to cause reactive oxygen species-driven protein damage is associated with both COPD and lung cancer, but the mechanisms are unsettled. In this study, we ...investigated the co-expression of Hsp70 and the autophagy marker protein LC3 in A549 cells (alveolar epithelial cell line) and THP-1 cells (monocyte/macrophage cells) grown in media supplemented with 100 μg/mL of four types of PM: carbon black (CB), urban dust (UD), nanoparticulate CB (NPCB), and nanoparticulate CB coated with benzo(a)pyrene (NPCB-BaP). Fluorescent monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry were used to assess the expression and co-expression of HSP70 and LC3 proteins. Hsp70 expression was significantly increased by all PM, while LC3 was decreased by CB in A549 cells, unchanged by CB and UD in THP-1 cells and increased by NPCB and NPCB-BaP in both cell types. All PMs increased the Hsp70/LC3 ratio in binary scatterplots; the relationship was positive and linear, which may reflect chaperone-dependent autophagy. The UD was the only PM type that affected the slopes of the spatial trend lines and altered binary patterns of Hsp70/LC3 distribution in THP1 cells. These findings provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating proteostasis in PM-exposed cells through the chaperone-autophagy system in the cytoplasm.
CB has been used as valuable building material for urbanization, worldwide. This study takes Lusaka as an example of dominant CB housing supply and tries to explain the regional character of CB ...housing supply. By field survey, we understood that various blocks manufactured by various machines are attributed from globalization of logistic networks and immature domestic industry. It is difficult to control for implementing agency. We suggest that making a system to support owners can check the quality of their material or house by themselves. For future change of requirements, a support system should be satisfied by interworking actors.
Visual technology saturates everyday life. Theories of the visual—now key to debates across cultural studies, social theory, art history, literary studies and philosophy—have interpreted this new ...condition as the beginning of a dystopian future, of cultural decline, social disempowerment and political passivity. Intellectuals—from Baudelaire to Debord, Benjamin, Virilio, Jameson, Baudrillard and Derrida—have explored how technology not only reinvents the visual, but also changes the nature of culture itself. The heartland of all such cultural analysis has been the city, from Baudelaire’s flaneur to Benjamin’s arcades.The Architecture of the Visible presents a wide-ranging critical reassessment of contemporary approaches to visual culture through an analysis of pivotal technological innovation from the telescope, through photography to film. Drawing on the examples of Paris and New York—two key world cities for over two centuries—Graham MacPhee analyzes how visual technology is revolutionizing the landscape of modern thought, politics and culture.
Multiple chemical forms of nitrogen in urban storm water make its management challenging. Three types of bioretention systems were constructed in 2015 with loamy sand as filter media, including a ...conventional freely drained bioretention (CB), a modified bioretetion incorporated a submerged zone (MB1), and a modified bioretention incorporating a submerged zone with woodchips addition (MB2). This study investigated the role of vegetation, the use of submerged zone and carbon addition in achieving co-optimized dissolved nitrogen removal in bioretention systems. Twelve bioretention columns were monitored over a 12-month period of dosing with synthetic storm water under varying hydrology and nitrogen loading rates. All the studied bioretention systems could achieve very good ammonia removal (more than 95%) at an average inflow ammonia concentration of (5.45±2.21) mg·L
. The filter media sorption, nitrification and plants uptake were the main removal pathways for incoming ammonia. The effluent nitrate concentration
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