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Rudan, Dražen; Berdica, Josip
Filozofska istraživanja, 12/2023, Volume: 43, Issue: 3Journal Article, Web Resource
Povodom dvadesete godišnjice smrti jednog od najznačajnijih suvremenih političkih i socijalnih filozofa, Johna B. Rawlsa (1921. – 2002.), autori se u ovome radu bave njegovim razumijevanjem odnosa između građanskog neposluha i slobode u okvirima liberalne ustavne demokracije utemeljene na vladavini prava. Temeljno polazište Rawlsove teorije građanskog neposluha, a samim time i ovoga rada, jest da je riječ o obliku izražavanja neposluha zakonu unutar granica privrženosti pravu, premda na njegovom vanjskom rubu. Ukoliko je sloboda mišljenja kojom se izražava neposluh nepravednim zakonima jedna od temeljnih sloboda, utoliko je građanski neposluh moguće shvatiti ne samo kao korektiv liberalne ustavne demokracije već i kao realni pokušaj njezina »spašavanja«. Riječ je o bitnoj temi suvremene političke filozofije s obzirom na sve prisutniji diskurs o suvremenoj krizi liberalizma uopće i utjecaju te krize na institucije liberalne ustavne demokracije, među kojima se osobito ističe država, a zapravo pravo i pravni sustav u cjelini. On the twentieth anniversary of the death of one of the most important contemporary political and social philosophers, John B. Rawls (1921–2002), in this paper the authors deal with his understanding of the relationship between civil disobedience and freedom within the framework of a liberal constitutional democracy based on the rule of law. The fundamental starting point of Rawls’s theory, and thus of this work, is that civil disobedience expresses disobedience to the law within the limits of fidelity to the law, although it is at the outer edge thereof. If the freedom of thought expressing disobedience to unjust laws is one of the fundamental freedoms, then civil disobedience can be understood not only as a corrective to liberal constitutional democracy but also as a realistic attempt to “save” it. This is an important topic of contemporary political philosophy, considering the increasingly widespread discourse about the crisis of liberalism in general today, and the impact of that crisis on the institutions of liberal constitutional democracy, among which the state stands out, but in fact law and the legal system as a whole.
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