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Grdešić, Marko
Politička misao, 2023, Volume: 60, Issue: 1Journal Article
Tehnološka je promjena jedna od najvažnijih sila koje oblikuju moderno društvo. Koje perspektive postoje za razumijevanje tehnoloških promjena, prije svega iz kuta političke ekonomije? U prvom se dijelu rada daje osnovni pregled debata koje su oblikovale to znanstveno područje, počevši s klasičnom britanskom političkom ekonomijom devetnaestog stoljeća. Liberalni politički ekonomisti tog razdoblja i njihovi kritičari vidjeli su u pitanju strojeva prvorazredan izazov tadašnjem britanskom društvu, prije svega kada je riječ o problemu tehnološke nezaposlenosti. U drugom dijelu rad se okreće neoklasičnoj ekonomiji i njenim konceptualnim alatima za razumijevanje tehnologije. Usto se bavi i kritikama neoklasičnog pristupa, od kojih je najrelevantnija Schumpeterova. U trećem se dijelu daje pregled suvremene literature o učinku digitalnih tehnologija. Posebno mjesto zauzima teza o tehnološkoj promjeni koja različito utječe na različite segmente tržišta rada, nagrađujući one koji imaju vještine komplementarne digitalnoj tehnologiji, a kažnjavajući one koji takve vještine nemaju. Technological change is one of the most important forces shaping modern society. Which perspectives can help us understand technological change, especially from a political economy lens? The first part of this article provides a basic overview of debates that shaped this scientific field, starting with nineteenth century British political economy. Liberal political economists as well as their critics of the time both saw the machinery question as a paramount challenge to British society, especially with regard to the problem of technological unemployment. The second part of the article turns to neoclassical economics and the conceptual tools that it uses to understand technology. Critiques of the neoclassical approach are also included, of which Schumpeter’s critique is the most important. The third part of the article turns to the contemporary literature on “skill-biased technological change” which rewards those that have the skills that complement digital technology and punishes those that do not.
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