It is known that inflammation plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we examined high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and Beclin 1 levels and their relationship with clinical variables in patients with schizophrenia. Forty-three patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were administered sociodemographic data form, the Positive Negative Symptoms Assessment Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. After the scales were filled, venous blood samples were taken from both the patient and control groups to measure serum HMGB1 and Beclin 1 levels. Serum samples obtained at the end of centrifugation were measured by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The mean serum HMGB1 levels were significantly increased and the mean serum Beclin 1 levels were significantly decreased in the schizophrenia group compared to the control group. In addition, a negative correlation was found between HMGB1 and Beclin 1 levels. In conclusion, current research shows that HMGB1 is increased and Beclin 1 is decreased in patients with schizophrenia, and these findings may contribute to the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.