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Cardoso, Rafael M.; Mendonça, Dianderson M.H.; Silva, Weberson P.; Silva, Murilo N.T.; Nossol, Edson; da Silva, Rodrigo A.B.; Richter, Eduardo M.; Muñoz, Rodrigo A.A.
Analytica chimica acta, 11/2018, Volume: 1033Journal Article
This work presents potential applications of low-cost fused deposition modeling 3D-printers to fabricate multiuse 3D-printed electrochemical cells for flow or batch measurements as well as the 3D-printing of electrochemical sensing platforms. Electrochemical cells and sensors were printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and conductive graphene-doped polylactic acid (G-PLA) filaments, respectively. The overall printing operation time and estimated cost per cell were 6 h and $ 6.00, respectively, while the sensors were printed within minutes (16 sensor strips of 1 × 2 cm in 10 min at a cost of $ 1.00 each sensor). The cell performance is demonstrated for the amperometric detection of tert-butylhydroquinone, dipyrone, dopamine and diclofenac by flow-injection analysis (FIA) and batch-injection analysis (BIA) using different working electrodes, including the proposed 3D-printed sensor, which presented comparable electroanalytical performance with other carbon-based electrodes (LOD of 0.1 μmol L−1 for dopamine). Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the 3D-printed sensor indicated the presence of graphene nanoribbons within the polymeric matrix. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and heterogeneous electron transfer constants (k0) for the redox probe Ru(NH3)6+3 revealed that a glassy-carbon electrode presented faster electron transfer rates than the 3D-printed sensor; however, the latter presented lower LOD values for dopamine and catechol probably due to oxygenated functional groups at the G-PLA surface. Display omitted •Low-cost fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printers to produce cells and electrodes.•Multiuse cells for flow- (FIA) and batch-injection analysis (BIA) as well for batch condition.•Designs and printing conditions accessible for any FDM 3D-printers.•Graphene-doped PLA printed sensors for voltammetric and amperometric detection.•Electroanalytical performance similar to GCE modified with carbon nanomaterials.
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