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Wiatr, Jerzy J.
International political science review, 10/1997, Volume: 18, Issue: 4Journal Article
Poland's experience in democratic transformation is to some degree different from that of other post-communist nations because of its having been the first country to depart from a communist regime. It therefore had a relatively long period of power-sharing, negotiated at the Round Table conference in early 1989. The first parliament (1989-91) reflected the contractual arrangements of the Round Table and was not fully representative. The second parliament (1991-93) was paralyzed by extreme fragmentation. The third parliament, elected in 1993, is more consolidated but suffers from the absence of right-wing parties due to their failure to reach the required electoral threshold. During Lech Walesa's presidency (1990-95), relations between the president and parliament were tense, particularly after the left's victory in the 1993 election. Nonetheless, parliamentarism has survived in Poland and the democratic system has avoided constitutional crises. Poland's experience confirms the superiority of parliamentarism over presidentialism in new democracies. /// La Pologne se distingue des autres Etats post-communistes en ce qu'elle fut la première à prendre ses distances puis à rejeter le régime communiste. Elle a donc connu une plus longue période d'un pouvoir partagé selon l'accord de la Table ronde de 1989. La première législature (1989-91), reflétant en cela l'accord contractuel de 1989, ne fut pas totalement représentative. La seconde (1991-93) souffrit d'une extrême fragmentation partitaire. La troisième, élue en 1993, est plus stable mais souffre de l'absence de partis de droite n'ayant pas obtenu le quotient électoral minimum. Sous la présidence de Lech Walesa (1990-95) les relations entre le président et le parlement furent particulièrement tendues, notamment après la victoire de la gauche aux élections de 1993. Cependant, la démocratie a su éviter les crises constitutionnelles. L'expérience polonaise confirme la supériorité du système parlementaire sur le système présidentiel.
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