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Asif, Muhammad; Sidra Bibi, Syeda; Ahmed, Sheraz; Irshad, Muhammad; Shakir Hussain, Muhammad; Zeb, Hassan; Kashif Khan, Muhammad; Kim, Jaehoon
Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996), 10/2023, Volume: 473Journal Article
Display omitted •Thermocatalytic decomposition of ammonia is presented.•Ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for green hydrogen production is discussed.•Ruthenium and non-ruthenium-based catalysts for ammonia conversion are reviewed.•Techno-economic analysis of ammonia and hydrogen economy is discussed.•Hydrogen source, production pathways, and energy efficiency are presented. Sustainable societal growth relies on the efficient storage, transportation, and use of renewable energies. Considerable progress has been made in sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis and biomass conversion, but hydrogen storage and transportation remain major challenges for commercial-scale applications. Owing to its high hydrogen content and energy density, ammonia is a promising zero-carbon energy carrier for large-scale energy storage. Therefore, the transformation of renewable hydrogen into ammonia is a promising strategy for effective hydrogen transportation and storage. Unlike the direct combustion of ammonia, which can produce NOx, catalytic cracking into nitrogen and hydrogen provides an environmentally friendly method for hydrogen regeneration. Herein, recent advances in effective ammonia decomposition via various processes, including electrochemical, photochemical, and, particularly, thermochemical routes, are summarized. In addition, hydrogen separation techniques and techno-economic analyses of the ammonia and hydrogen economy are discussed. The main objective of this review is to provide a conceptual framework for effective ammonia cracking to yield pure hydrogen as a clean fuel for developing futuristic and sustainable energy solutions.
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