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Poon, Maya M L; Rybkina, Ksenia; Kato, Yu; Kubota, Masaru; Matsumoto, Rei; Bloom, Nathaniel I; Zhang, Zeli; Hastie, Kathryn M; Grifoni, Alba; Weiskopf, Daniela; Wells, Steven B; Ural, Basak B; Lam, Nora; Szabo, Peter A; Dogra, Pranay; Lee, Yoon S; Gray, Joshua I; Bradley, Marissa C; Brusko, Maigan A; Brusko, Todd M; Saphire, Erica O; Connors, Thomas J; Sette, Alessandro; Crotty, Shane; Farber, Donna L
Science immunology, 11/2021, Volume: 6, Issue: 65Journal Article
Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection have been extensively characterized in blood; however, most functions of protective immunity must be accomplished in tissues. Here, we report from examination of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive organ donors (ages 10 to 74) that CD4 T, CD8 T, and B cell memory generated in response to infection is present in the bone marrow, spleen, lung, and multiple lymph nodes (LNs) for up to 6 months after infection. Lungs and lung-associated LNs were the most prevalent sites for SARS-CoV-2–specific memory T and B cells with significant correlations between circulating and tissue-resident memory T and B cells in all sites. We further identified SARS-CoV-2–specific germinal centers in the lung-associated LNs up to 6 months after infection. SARS-CoV-2–specific follicular helper T cells were also abundant in lung-associated LNs and lungs. Together, the results indicate local tissue coordination of cellular and humoral immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 for site-specific protection against future infectious challenges.
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