Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are receiving increased attention from researchers in many areas of science and technology. During the actual operation, the high viscosity of DESs, especially for solid-phase sample application, can be diminished by combination of water in the solvent system, heating, and consuming a large volume of DESs. In addition, plant matrix properties of Schisandra chinensis Baill fruits should be considered including sugars-rich and full of stone cells, which also dissolve into the solvent and to reduce extraction capacity. In this study, an ultrasonic probe-based system with a direct delivery of ultrasound to sample was developed to help the matrix materials become hydrated and swelled, which increases the diffusion and flow of solvent into the dry matrix and increases mass transfer, and also minish ultrasonic energy loss. Some parameters that potentially influence circulating and pulsating ultrasonic probe extraction (CPUPE) were methodically examined and improved using the Plackett–Burman, Box–Behnken design, and the optimum practical parameters were as follows: water content of DES, 20.2%; liquid-to-solid ratio, 11.0 mL/g; total ultrasonic treatment time, 24.7 min; ultrasonic setting temperature, 323 K; ultrasonic irradiation power, 90 W; and circulating rate, 25 mL/min. CPUPE provided a accessibility to use substituted green solvents of DESs (choline chloride-lactic acid) by improving their extraction performance. The high sample extraction capacity and circulation function of the suggested CPUPE technique makes it a quick and effective method for complex substrate plant samples. Under the circulating system, the osmotic pressure difference of the solvent is significantly increased. The CPUPE make the kind method operation simple, fast, can be apply in the on-line production analysis. Display omitted •CPUPE is suitable for high viscosity solvent, especially for DES.•CPUPE overcomes many problems brought from DES aqueous solution.•CPUPE effectively guarantee big sample amounts for ultrasonic probe application.•CPUPE promote solvent infiltration ability for the high-efficiency extraction.•CPUPE effectively guarantees the quality and yield of lignans.