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  • EET en DRINK in Afrikaans -...
    Bosman, Nerina

    Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir natuurwetenskap en tegnologie, 01/2015, Volume: 55, Issue: 1
    Journal Article

    EATING and DRINKING in Afrikaans - a lexical semantic study This article reports on a cognitive semantic, corpus-based investigation into the semantics of eating and drinking in Afrikaans. It is part of a bigger research project on these concepts and builds on research by Taljard and Bosman (2014) on cross-linguistic variation between Northern Sotho and Afrikaans metaphors for eating, by also including metaphors for drinking in the analysis. The current article has as its focus the semasiological network of verbs in the word fields of eating and drinking and involves more than metaphor identification, although it is undoubtedly the case that metaphor plays an important role in such a network of expanding meanings. The study can broadly be described as Cognitive Semantic and in particular makes use of the insights regarding polysemy within this field. Conceptual Metaphor Theory as initially developed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), Kövecses (1986) and Lakoff (1987a, 1987b, 1993) provided the heuristic tools for analysing the linguistic metaphors that were identified. Newman's (1997, 2009b) work on what he terms the "linguistics of eating and drinking" served as the stimulus for the research. The methodology chosen to identify the metaphors is empirical and corpus-based. As Stefanowitsch (2007:12) points out, corpus-based research into conceptual metaphors is still relatively new. In the light of Steen et al.'s (2010) plea for more rigorous methods in linguistics in general, and in metaphor research in particular, this study aimed to complement linguistic intuition with data extracted from two Afrikaans corpora, namely the University of Pretoria Afrikaans Corpus (UPAK, 15 million running words) and the corpus of the Language Commission of the South African Academy of Science and Arts (44 million running words). In addition, the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal ("Dictionary of the Afrikaans Language") and De Stadler and De Stadler's Tesourus van Afrikaans ("Thesaurus of Afrikaans") were used. The focus of this investigation was not so much the verbs "to eat" and "to drink", signifying the activity of physically eating, as the conceptual notions of eating and drinking. Hence, the search words included not only the lexical items eet ("eat") and drink ("drink") and their derived forms, but also verbs which are semantically related to the notions of eating and drinking, such as vreet ("eating done by animals"), suip ("drinking done by animals"), verteer ("consume") and insluk ("swallow, gulp down"). After identifying possible search words, Wordsmith Tools was used to generate concordances in which the words could be studied in their context. Linguistic metaphors were identified by means of a manual search of the concordance lines. Die artikel is 'n kognitief semantiese, korpusgebaseerde leksikale ondersoek na die konsepte EET en DRINK in Afrikaans en vorm een onderdeel van 'n groter navorsingsprojek. Die artikel sluit aan by die studie van Taljard en Bosman (2014) wat interkulturele variasie tussen Noord-Sotho en Afrikaanse EET-metafore ondersoek en brei hierop uit deur ook DRINK-metafore te betrek. Die groter polisemiese struktuur van werkwoorde in die eet- en drinkwoordvelde is vervolgens ook by die ontleding betrek. As teoretiese raamwerk is die konseptuele metafoorteorie gebruik. Metafore is geïdentifiseer deur twee groot korpusse, naamlik die Universiteit van Pretoria Afrikaanse Korpus en die Taalkommissiekorpus met soekwoorde wat verband hou met die konsepte EET en DRINK te deursoek. Die motiverende rol wat die volksverstaan van die eet- en drinkprosesse speel in die tussendomeinkarterings is ondersoek en daar is aangetoon dat ons beliggaamde ervaring van die twee prosesse die groot dryfkrag is agter die totstandkoming van die metafore. Vir die bestudering van die interne polisemiese netwerke is daar gesteun op artikels in die WAT. Een afleiding wat gemaak word, is dat figuurlike betekenisuitbreidings, wat op grond van konseptuele metafore met die letterlike, meer basiese betekenisse skakel, volledig geleksikaliseer is in Afrikaans. In die slotparagraaf word aspekte soos die ouderdom en moontlike universele aard van die metafore aangeraak.