To meet the demands for screening out the optimal utilization channel for biomass from wheat straw, a number of researches have been reported in the comprehensive utilization about wheat straw including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. By reviewing the research status, processing method and comprehensive application of wheat straw, this paper summarizes the application fields, main pretreatment processing methods and bio-products of wheat straw. The paper also detailed novel pretreatment methods and bio-products during the comprehensive utilization of wheat straw. The assessment of more effective pretreatment methods has enabled the examination of wheat straw materials’ potential in the field of lignocellulose that, today, is little exploited. Bioconversion of lignocellulose to bioproducts e.g. bioethanol, biohydrogen and bio-composites has made achievements, however, several limitations such as pretreatment methods remain to be solved.