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El-Shesheny, Rabeh; Franks, John; Kandeil, Ahmed; Badra, Rebecca; Turner, Jasmine; Seiler, Patrick; Marathe, Bindumadhav M; Jeevan, Trushar; Kercher, Lisa; Hu, Meng; Sim, Yul Eum; Hui, Kenrie P Y; Chan, Michael C W; Thompson, Andrew J; McKenzie, Pamela; Govorkova, Elena A; Russell, Charles J; Vogel, Peter; Paulson, James C; Peiris, J S Malik; Webster, Robert G; Ali, Mohamed A; Kayali, Ghazi; Webby, Richard J
Nature communications, 04/2024, Volume: 15, Issue: 1Journal Article
In 2017, a novel influenza A virus (IAV) was isolated from an Egyptian fruit bat. In contrast to other bat influenza viruses, the virus was related to avian A(H9N2) viruses and was probably the result of a bird-to-bat transmission event. To determine the cross-species spill-over potential, we biologically characterize features of A/bat/Egypt/381OP/2017(H9N2). The virus has a pH inactivation profile and neuraminidase activity similar to those of human-adapted IAVs. Despite the virus having an avian virus-like preference for α2,3 sialic acid receptors, it is unable to replicate in male mallard ducks; however, it readily infects ex-vivo human respiratory cell cultures and replicates in the lungs of female mice. A/bat/Egypt/381OP/2017 replicates in the upper respiratory tract of experimentally-infected male ferrets featuring direct-contact and airborne transmission. These data suggest that the bat A(H9N2) virus has features associated with increased risk to humans without a shift to a preference for α2,6 sialic acid receptors.
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