Lightweight materials with a density less than 3 g/cmsup.3 as potential tribo-materials for tribological applications (e.g., space tribology) are always desired. Alsub.3BCsub.3 ceramic, a kind of ternary material, is one of the lightweight materials. In this study, dense Alsub.3BCsub.3 ceramic is prepared via a reactive hot-pressing process in a vacuum furnace. Its tribological properties are investigated in two unlubricated conditions (one is at elevated temperature up to 700 °C in air, and another is in a vacuum chamber of back pressures from 10sup.5 Pa to 10sup.−2 Pa at room temperature) and lubricated conditions (i.e., water and ethanol as low-viscosity fluids). At 400 °C and lower temperatures in air, as well as in vacuum, the tribological property of Alsub.3BCsub.3 ceramic is poor due to the fracture of grains and formation of a mechanically mixed layer. The beneficial influence of adsorbed gas species on reducing friction is very limited. Due to the formation of lubricious tribo-oxide at 600 °C and 700 °C, the friction coefficient is reduced from ca. 0.9 at room temperature and 400 °C to ca. 0.4. In the presence of low-viscosity fluids, a high friction coefficient and wear but a polished surface are observed in water, while a low friction coefficient and wear occur in ethanol. A lubricious carbide-derived carbon (CDC) coating on top of Alsub.3BCsub.3 ceramic through high-temperature chlorination can be fabricated and the wear resistance of CDC can be improved by adjusting the chlorination parameters. The above results suggest that Alsub.3BCsub.3 ceramic is a potential lubricating material for some tribological applications.