Linear models are commonly used to describe the early structural build-up of cement-based materials. However, some studies have shown that there exists a faster non-linear phase before the linear phase. In this study, a simple non-linear thixotropy model is presented to describe the structural build-up process. It was quantified using static yield stress and storage modulus, which are measured through the stress growth protocol and small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) tests, respectively. The effect of pre-shear, rest condition and viscosity modifying admixtures (nanoclay and diutan gum) on the build-up behavior are studied. The results showed distinctly different trends between static yield stress and storage modulus. This may be attributed to the two different structures of fresh cement pastes, i.e. floc structures and C-S-H structures, measured by the stress growth protocol and SAOS test, respectively.