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Miloš Z. Petrović; Snežana M. Đorić-Veljković; Jugoslav P. Karamarković
Vojnotehnički glasnik, 04/2015, Volume: 63, Issue: 2Journal Article
Antropogeni i tehnogeni uticaj na životnu sredinu pojačan je u poslednjoj deceniji XX veka. Taj trend se nastavlja i u XXI veku, a ofanziva globalizacije donosi nove ekološke probleme. Globalni ekološki problemi najviše pogađaju gradove. Izgled čovekove sredine, čiji je indentitet izražen kroz formu, strukturu i boju, predstavlja jednu od najznačajnijih karakteristika prostora. Prvo što se uočava jeste građevina i urbanističko uređenje. Ljudi su uvek pridavali veliku važnost izboru materijala za izgradnju i uređenje prostora. Pri tome su korišćeni materijali koji su bili karakteristični za određene regije i podneblja. U eri savremenih tehnologija i ekspanzije novih tehničkih dostignuća, čovek i njegova okolina zahtevaju materijale koji će oplemeniti životni prostor, a konstrukcije i oblikovane volumene učiniti bogatijim i sadržajnijim. Materijali koji se primenjuju treba da zadovolje kriterijume koji omogućavaju komfor, obezbeđuju racionalno trošenje energije, zdrave životne uslove i očuvanje životne sredine. U ovom radu predstavljeni su građevinski materijali koji po svom sastavu i tehnologiji izrade doprinose zaštiti i očuvanju životne sredine. / The looks of any environment, the identity of which is expressed through its form, structure and color, is one of the most significant characteristics of any area. The first structures that catch the observer's eye are buildings and urban structures. People have always attached importance to the choice of building materials and interior design. Materials used have been specific for certain regions. In the era of modern technology and the expansion of new technical advances, the man and his environment require materials which are going to enrich living space, while constructions and shaped volumes will be made richer and more content aware. Materials should fulfill criteria which allow comfort, provide efficient energy consumption, healthy living conditions and preserve the environment. Buildings significantly change our environment. Most of such man-made objects do not comply with the needs of environmental protection because they are energetically inefficient, too cold or too hot and expensive to maintain. They are mostly built of materials which have a negative effect on health and environment. About 40% of stone and small and big aggregate are used for their production, as well as 25% of timber. Such objects waste 40% of energy and 16% of water worldwide. The use of eco-friendly materials results in objects with a minimal influence on the environment and at the same time such materials are more economical and healthier for living. Environmental protection and construction means the maximum utilization of natural site conditions, usage of healthy materials, efficient consumption of water and energy for building and use of water. / Антропогенное и техногенное влияние на окружающую среду особенно усилилось в последнее десятелетие ХХ века. Эта тенденция продолжается и в XXI веке, а наступление глобализации несет новые экологические проблемы. Города наиболее затронуты глобальными экологическими проблемами. Внешний вид окружающей человека среды, индивидуальность которой выражается через формы, структуры и цвета, является одним из наиболее важных характеристик пространства. Первое что бросается в глаза – это архитектура и строительство. Человек всегда придает большое значение выбору материалов для строительства и отделки. При этом влияние на выбор материала оказывают региональная принадлежность и климатические условия. В эпоху современных технологий и экспансии новых технических достижений, человек требует использования материалов, которые сделают окружающее пространство более комфортным и насыщенным. То есть, материалы должны обеспечивать необходимый уровень комфорта, соответствовать требованиям энергоэффективности, быть безвредными для здоровья и экологичными. В данной статье приведен обзор материалов, соответствующих таким требованиям.
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