This article deals with constructive theoretical efforts to resolve dilemmas, that are present in the debates about an Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) and the need to ecological rationalization of economic systems. Putting together the arguments, which are present in both debates, the article supports the ecosocial frame for UBI, that – combined with other political ecology’s instruments – is the one of the most promising perspectives of social transition towards emancipatory and sustainable direction. Sketched perspective of social change seems to be very profound and ambitious, but it simultaneously helps to adress the main obstacles to UBI’s implementation and to the serious consideration of ecological aspect in programming the social development.