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Zanette, Juliano Br?s
Dissertation
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-11-23T11:46:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Juliano Br?s Zanetti.pdf: 621874 bytes, checksum: 7668a4e8b8cab8a537ab2b436d55b596 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T11:46:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Juliano Br?s Zanetti.pdf: 621874 bytes, checksum: 7668a4e8b8cab8a537ab2b436d55b596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-27 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. The production of plant biomass for alternative renewable energy currently represents a great; challenge to research. The release of CO2 from its use constitutes only the CO2 recycling that; was removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, which in the long term, represents a; valuable alternative for bio-energy. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is,; among grasses, that with possibly the highest capacity for dry matter production, with other; favorable characteristics for energy production. The aim of this study was to identify elephant; grass genotypes with high biomass production and nitrogen accumulation under the; inoculation with a mixture of N2-fixing bacteria. Two studies were conducted in Serop?dica,; Rio de Janeiro State. The first experiment was conducted in a concrete tank filled with a Ndeficient; Acrisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots with four; replications. The plots consisted of the inoculation treatments (inoculated and uninoculated),; and sub-plots for the five elephant grass genotypes: Cameroon, BAG 02, Roxo, Clone; CNPGL 93 41 1 and CNPGL 91 F06-3. The second experiment was carried out on a Planosol; and the two genotypes, BAG 02 and Cameroon, with inoculation treatments, inoculation +; 100 kg of N ha-1, 100 kg of N ha-1 and a zero N control. The experimental design was; randomized blocks in a factorial model with four replications. In these studies the following; results were obtained: 1. Dry matter production (DM) ranged from 16 to 41 Mg of MS ha-1; year-1 when the varieties were grown in the Acrisol. In the Planosol the dry biomass varied; between 48 and 56 Mg MS ha-1 in two crops over a 11-month period of cultivation. 2. In; relation to the total N accumulated in shoots, the values ranged between 64 and 158 kg ha-1; when the genotypes were grown in Acrisol and between 297 and 441 kg ha-1 when the; genotypes were cultivated in the Planosol. For these parameters, N accumulation and biomass; yield, the best genotypes were: CNPGL F 06-3 and Cameroon followed by CNPGL 93 41 1; and BAG 02 genotype. 3. The C/N ratio was directly influenced by soil type, and the ratio; observed in the Acrisol was approximately 50% higher when compared to the Planosol. 4.; The calorific value and fiber content, cellulose, lignin and ash, which are related to the quality; of the material, in general were not affected by genotype, or by treatment. The elephant grass; biomass had positive qualitative and quantitative characteristics to be used for renewable; energy production and the Cameron CNPGL F 06-3 genotype, followed by BAG CNPGL 93; 41 02 genotype were the most promising. The genotypes studied no showed response of; biomass production or N accumulation to inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria. A produ??o de material energ?tico alternativo renov?vel, tal como a biomassa vegetal,; representa hoje um dos grandes desafios para a pesquisa. No caso da biomassa, a libera??o de; CO2 pelo seu uso representa apenas a reciclagem do CO2 que foi retirado da atmosfera pela; fotoss?ntese, indicando que, em longo prazo, esta ser? uma das alternativas energ?ticas mais; seguras. O capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) est? entre as gram?neas de maior; capacidade de produ??o de mat?ria seca, com caracter?sticas qualitativas favor?veis para a; produ??o de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar gen?tipos de capim-elefante; para alto rendimento de biomassa, ac?mulo de N sob a inocula??o das plantas com uma; mistura de bact?rias diazotr?ficas. Foram realizados dois estudos de campo localizados no; munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ. O primeiro experimento realizado em um tanque de concreto; preenchido com Argissolo pobre em N dispon?vel. O delineamento experimental foi o de; Blocos ao Acaso em parcelas divididas, com quatro repeti??es. As parcelas constitu?das pelos; tratamentos de inocula??o (inoculado e n?o inoculado), e as sub-parcelas compostas pelos; cinco gen?tipos de capim-elefante: Cameroon, BAG 02, Roxo, Clone CNPGL 93 41 1 e; CNPGL 91 F06-3. No segundo experimento, realizado no campo em um Planossolo, os dois; gen?tipos, BAG 02 e Cameroon foram avaliados sob os tratamentos de inocula??o,; inocula??o + 100 kg de N.ha-1, 100 kg de N.ha-1, e o controle. O delineamento experimental; utilizado foi o de Blocos ao Acaso em esquema fatorial com quatro repeti??es. Nestes estudos; encontraram-se os seguintes resultados: 1. A produ??o de mat?ria seca (MS) que variou entre; 16 e 41 Mg de MS.ha-1.ano-1, quando os gen?tipos foram cultivados no Argissolo. No; Planossolo, o rendimento de biomassa seca variou entre 48 e 56 Mg.MS.ha-1 sob duas; colheitas realizadas, em 11 meses de cultivo. 2. Em rela??o ao total de N acumulado na parte; a?rea, os valores variaram entre 64 e 158 kg.ha-1 quando os gen?tipos foram cultivados no; Argissolo, e entre 297 e 441 kg.ha-1 quando os gen?tipos foram cultivados no Planossolo.; Para os par?metros, ac?mulo de N e rendimento de biomassa, os gen?tipos que mais se; destacaram foram: CNPGL F 06-3 e Cameroon seguido dos gen?tipos BAG 02 e CNPGL 93; 41 1. 3. A rela??o C/N foi influenciada diretamente pelo tipo de solo, sendo que no Argissolo; as rela??es encontradas foram em torno de 50% maiores, quando comparadas com o; Planossolo. 4. O poder calor?fico e os teores de fibra, celulose, lignina e cinzas, que est?o; relacionados ? parte qualitativa do material, em geral, n?o foram influenciados pelos; gen?tipos, nem pelos tratamentos avaliados. A biomassa do capim-elefante apresentou; caracter?sticas qualitativas e quantitativas positivas para ser utilizado na produ??o de energia; renov?vel, sendo os gen?tipos CNPGL F 06-3 e Cameron, seguido dos gen?tipos BAG 02 e; CNPGL 93 41 1 os mais indicados. Os gen?tipos em estudo n?o apresentaram resposta para; rendimento e acumula??o de N pela biomassa ? inocula??o com bact?rias diazotr?ficas.
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