Zmanjšana specifična celična imunska odzivnost - vzroki in posledice = Deficiences of the specific cell - mediated immune response - the causes and the consequences
Jeras, Matjaž
Normal functioning of the human immune system depends on numerous factors shaping its homeostasis. A complex trait of cellular, cytokine, hormonal and neurotransmitter path-ways - physiological ...networks, together with environmental factors, decisively influence its performance. Because of its extremely complex regulation, the immune system is quite vulnerable and very often prone to different kinds of dysfunctions and disorders that can be categorised as immune deficiencies. Cell-mediated immunity, regulated and performed by different subtypes of helper T cells, represents the central partof immune response. The T cell functions can be impaired because of inherited or acquired deficiencies. Recessive gene defects can affect key factors of immune response, such as: development and maturation of T and B lymphocytes, a normal function of phagocyte as well as natural killer cells (NK) and certain factors of the complement system. The most frequent causes ofacquired immune deficiencies nowadays are malnutrition, HIV infection as well as other acute and chronic viral, bacterial and fungal infections, long term consumption of certain, especially immunosuppressive drugs, some iatrogenically induced states and excessive exposure to sources of irradiation. The consequences of deficient immune system are quite severe, very often lethal and are reflected in an inefficient defence even against latent infectious agents as well as rapid onset of different forms of cancers.Through the studying, understanding and treating of immune deficiencies valuable knowledge about the roles of individual cell subtypes inimmune response is being accumulated.
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