Kritični pregled epidemioloških raziskav, ki obravnavajo učinke nizkih doz ionizirajočih sevanj = A critical overview of low-level radiation epidemiological studies
Dodič-Fikfak, Metoda
Nearly half a million workers in the U.S. are potentially exposed to ionizing radiation, their average level of occupational exposure to low-level radiationbeing approximately 50mSv. There are a ...number of problems in interpreting the results of occupational low-level radiation studies, due mainly to the expected small effects of low radiation doses. False positive results due to chance or study bias are diffcult to distinguish from real effects. The major objective of studies of nuclear workers is to evatuate the consistency of these data and risk estimates derived from populations exposed to high-dose radiation. The principal objective of this work was to review themost important epidemiological studies of low-level radiation exposure which were capable to determine very low risks associated with low-level radiation. In all the studies reviewed, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR)for all causes of death was less than 1, which suggests the influence of healthy worker effect. The risks for certain types of cancer were occasionallyincreased, but the results obtained were mostly statistically nonsignificant and inconsistent. The Wilkins' meta-analysis, which included eight studies and was conducted in order to overcome the problem of small numbers, showed that the risk of blood cancer among workers exposed to radiation doses of 10mSv was two times higher than among workers exposed to radiation doses below 10mSv. The leukaemia risk was by 80% higher. The resultsindicate that the risk is increasing with the dose received. The studies done to date have shown that subjects exposed to low- level radiation were at an increased risk of developing leukaemia and lymphatic and haematopoetic tissue cancers, but not solid tumors.
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