The family Tetranychidae includes many agriculturally important species known as spider mites. Their morphological identification is quite difficult due to the tiny size of their taxonomic characters ...and the requirement for high-level expertise. This may lead to pest misidentification and thus failure in pest management. DNA-based species identification seems to offer an alternative solution to overcome these issues. In the present study, two common molecular markers—
Cytochrome oxidase subunit I
(
COI
) and Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)—were used to identify 10 spider mite species from Turkey. Furthermore, genetic distances for several of them were assessed.
Panonychus ulmi
and
Bryobia kissophila
had the lowest (1.1%) and highest (4.5%) intra-specific genetic distances, respectively. In addition, integrative taxonomy allowed to identify
Eotetranychus quercicola
in Turkey as a new record. The sequences herein obtained will allow rapid species identification using molecular techniques and will contribute to resolve the phylogenetic history of spider mites.
Tetranychus urticae Koch is a serious pest of strawberries and its remarkable ability to develop resistance has often caused failure in chemical control. In the present study, resistance to ...spiromesifen was detected in two out of nine field-populations of T. urticae collected from important strawberry production areas in Turkey, with resistance ratio's mounting to 60- and 140-fold. Synergism assays showed the involvement of detoxification enzymes, especially cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, in resistance against spiromesifen in field-collected T. urticae populations. We further selected the most resistant field-collected population (POP14) with spiromesifen and obtained an extremely resistant population (LC50 > 5000 mg a.i./L). Gene expression analysis with qPCR supported the involvement of cytochrome P450s in spiromesifen resistance in this selected population. In addition, we also detected a higher expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), the target-site of spiromesifen, in the spiromesifen-selected population. Furthermore, a F1640L mutation in the conserved region of CT-domain of ACCase was uncovered in the most resistant field populations, but the role of this mutation in spiromesifen resistance needs further validation. Overall, spiromesifen still seems to be an effective tool in the control of T. urticae in strawberry production areas of Turkey, but resistance is on the rise and should be considered a serious threat.
•Spiromesifen was effective against most of the sampled T. urticae populations.•Two out of nine populations showed more than 60-fold resistance to spiromesifen.•P450s play a role in spiromesifen resistance.•A target-site mutation F1640L in ACCase was uncovered.•Higher expression of ACCase could also contribute to resistance.
Five species of eriophyoid mites were detected as new records for the mite fauna of Turkey. The samples were collected on herbaceous plants and fruit trees in Bahçesaray, Edremit, İskele and Akdamar ...island of Van province, Turkey between 2014 and 2016. The identified eriophyid species are Aceria camdeboo (Meyer, 1981) on Celtis sp. (Cannabaceae); A. trifolii (Nalepa, 1892) on Vicia biennis L. (Fabaceae), Aculus parakarensis (Bagdasarian, 1972) on Amygdalus communis L. (Rosaceae), Leipothrix moraceus (Castagnoli, 1980) on Morus alba L. (Moraceae) and Phyllocoptes obtusus (Nalepa, 1891) on Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae). The species are depicted, measured and information on their hosts, damage symptoms and geographical distribution are given.
The family Phytoseiidae contains many predatory mite species and some are used in biological control programs worldwide. The identification of phytoseiid mites is based on tiny morphological ...structures and sometimes species diagnosis is not easy especially for non-taxonomists. DNA-based approaches may offer a fast and accurate diagnosis to overcome these difficulties, nevertheless more DNA sequences are needed to determine intra- and inter-specific variations and to provide accurate decision rules based on genetic distances between the taxa considered. In this study, we provide the molecular characterization of seven phytoseiid species based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Several populations of these species collected in Turkey were considered. A phylogenetic tree was also constructed. Finally, we record the presence of
Neoseiulus reductus
(Wainstein) in Turkey.
Tetranychus urticae
Koch is one of the most common and harmful pests in vegetable production areas. Similar to other countries, control of
T. urticae
is mainly based on acaricides in Turkey. However,
...T. urticae
rapidly develops resistance and failures in chemical control have occurred frequently. The toxicity of various acaricides was investigated in ten
T. urticae
populations collected from vegetable crops in Turkey. In addition, populations were screened for the presence of currently known target-site resistance mutations. It was shown that resistance to bifenthrin was the most widespread, but also half of the populations were resistant to abamectin and hexythiazox. Resistance mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) and chitin synthase 1 were found in various populations. Moreover, for the first time, F1538I and L1024V VGSC mutations were reported for Turkish populations. Mutations that confer resistance to abamectin, bifenazate and METI-I acaricides such as pyridaben were not detected. These results will contribute to the design of an effective resistance management program in Turkey.
The following four flat mite species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) are reported for the first time in the tenuipalpid fauna of Turkey: Cenopalpus irani Dosse (1971), Cenopalpus quadricornis Livshitz & ...Mitrofanov (1967), Cenopalpus pennatisetis (Wainstein), and Brevipalpus recki (Livshitz & Mitrofanov)Cenopalpus lanceolatisetae (Attiah) is also collected during this study. A key to the species of Cenopalpus Pritchard & Baker and Brevipalpus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) known to occur in Turkey is provided
A new Turkish species of Tenuipalpidae, Aegyptobia juniperi sp. nov., is described and seven previously recorded species are redescribed: Aegyptobia beglarovi Livshitz & Mitrofanov 1967, Brevipalpus ...rotai Castagnoli & Pegazzano, 1979, Cenopalpus bagdasariani (Livshitz & Mitrofanov, 1970), Cenopalpus bakeri Düzgüneş, 1967, Phytoptipalpus salicicola (Al-Gboory, 1987), Tenuipalpus granati Sayed, 1946 and Tenuipalpus punicae Pritchard & Baker, 1958. A key to the 28 species of Tenuipalpidae from Turkey is provided. Cenopalpus bagdasariani, B. rotai and A. beglarovi are new records for Turkey.
The occurrence of Paraneognathus wangae (Fan & Li) (Acari: Caligonellidae) was reported for the first time in Turkey. This predatory species was found associated with stored wheat and collected from ...south-eastern part of Anatolia. Measurements of female and male are provided along with their taxonomic characteristics and illustrations. This is also the first report on the occurrence of the genus Paraneognathus (Fan 2000) in Turkey. Raphignathus gracilis Rack (Acari: Raphignathidae) was also collected during this study as predatory species and rendered here.
Tekirdağ il merkezinde park, fidanlık ve yeşil alanlarda bulunan süs bitkilerinde, yaprağını döken ağaçlarda ve
çalımsı bitkilerde (47 bitki türü) zararlı, avcı ve nötr akar türleri (Acari) tespit ...edilmiştir. Survey sonuçlarına göre
Tetranychidae familyasına ait 2 tür (Tetranychus urticae Koch, Panonychus ulmi Koch); Tenuipalpidae
familyasına ait 8 tür (Cenopalpus spinosus Donnadieu, C. irani Dosse (1971), C. bakeri Düzgüneş, C.pennasitesus
Wainstein, Pentamerismus oregonensis McGregor, P. taxi Haller, Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor); Phytoseiidae
familyasına ait 7 tür (Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga, Kampimadromus aberrans Oudemans, Euseius finlandicus
Oudemans, Amblyseius andersoni Chant, Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swisrki, Paraseiulus triporus Chant
and Yoshida-Shaul ve P.soleigner Ribaga); Tydeiidae familyasından 2 tür (Tydeus californicus Banks, T.caudatus
Duges), Ascidae’den Blattisocius tarsalis Berlese ve Acaridae’den Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank olmak
üzere toplam 20 akar türü tespit edilmiştir.
Çalışmada Tetranychus urticae %47 bulunuş oranı ile en yaygın zararlı tür olarak belirlenmiştir. T.urticae’nin en
çok tercih ettiği konukçuların ateş dikeni (Pyracantha coccinea) ve gül (Rosa gallica) olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Cenopalpus bakeri ikinci en sık görülen fitofag türdür (%30). Predatör ve nötr akarların bulunuş oranı %57’dir.
En yaygın predatör akar türü 172 birey ve % 56.21 bulunuş oranı ile Kampimodromus aberrans‘tır ve 17 farklı
bitki türünden toplanmıştır. Catalpa bignonioides, Fraxinus excelsior, Aesculus hippocastanum ve Tilia tometosa
akarın en çok kolonize olduğu bitkiler olmuştur. K. aberrans’ı avcı akar türleri Euseius finlandicus ve Phytoseius
finitimus takip etmiştir.
Araştırmada Tekirdağ merkezindeki yeşil alanlarda bulunan park ve süs bitkilerinin zararlı akarlarla bulaşık
oldukları, bununla birlikte ciddi sayıda olmadıkları için daha yüksek populasyona sahip avcı akarlar tarafından
kontrol altına alabilecekleri kanısına varılmıştır.
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