The Nirmala and first Banhatti-Sombor index which is originated from Sombor index is designated by NG=∑uv∈EGdu+dv and BSO1G=∑uv∈EG1/du2+dv2, respectively. In this work, we calculated the Nirmala and ...Banhatti-Sombor index over the tensor and Cartesian product of a graph of an algebraic structure by presenting two different algorithms.
Recently, Gutman introduced a class of novel topological invariants named Sombor index which is defined asSOG=∑uv∈EGdu2+dv2. In this study, the Sombor index of monogenic semigroup graphs, which is an ...important class of algebraic structures, is calculated.
Consider a simple graph G with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). A graph invariant for G is a number related to the structure of G, which is invariant under the symmetry of G. The Sombor index of G ...is a new graph invariant defined as SO(G)=∑uv∈E(G)(du)2+(dv)2. In this work, we connected the theory of the Sombor index with abstract algebra. We computed this topological index over the tensor and Cartesian products of a monogenic semigroup graph by presenting two different algorithms; the obtained results are illustrated by examples.
Background
Liver has an important role in the initiation and progression of multiple organ failure that occurs in sepsis. Many natural active substances can be used to reduce the liver injury caused ...by sepsis. For this aim, the effects of myricetin and apigenin on mice model of acute liver injury was evaluated in this study.
Methods and results
Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into six groups as; control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg), LPS + myricetin (100 mg/kg), LPS + myricetin (200 mg/kg), LPS + apigenin (100 mg/kg), and LPS + apigenin (200 mg/kg) groups. Myricetin and apigenin were administered orally for 7 days, and LPS was administered intraperitoneally only on the 7th day of the study. 24 h after LPS application, all animals were sacrificed and serum biochemical parameters, histopathology and oxidative stress and inflammation markers of liver tissue were examined. Myricetin and apigenin pre-treatments increased serum albumin and total protein levels, liver GSH level and catalase and SOD activities and decreased serum ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, CRP, total and direct bilirubin levels, liver MPO activity, MDA, NOx, PGE
2
, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels,
iNOS
and
COX-2
mRNA levels, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, IκB, and IKK proteins but not p38, ERK, and JNK proteins in LPS-treated mice. Myricetin and apigenin administration also regained the hepatic architecture disrupted during LPS application.
Conclusion
Myricetin and apigenin pre-treatments led to reduction of liver injury indices and oxidative stress and inflammatory events and these flavonoids has probably hepatoprotective effects in acute liver injury.
This study aims to adapt “the Challenge-Hindrance Demands Scale for Nursing Professional” developed by Mahaverachartkul and Sooraksa; regarding “how nurses who are under heavy workload and stress as ...well as intense and tiring working hours perceive many stressful situations in the working environment as challenges or hindrances” to Turkish language and bring it to the use of national literature. In terms of method, the research was designed within the scope of the quantitative research model. Data collected from 450 nurses were used in this study. The research data were analyzed in SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical programs. The validity of the scales used in this study was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). According to the EFA findings of the Challenge Demands Scale, when the KMO value (0.919) and the Bartlett sphericity test value (X2 (78) = 4121.203; p=0.001) were examined, it was seen that the data were suitable for analysis. When the CFA findings of the Challenge Demands Scale were examined, it was seen that the fit indices were at an acceptable level (X2 (60) = 223.912; p=0.001; CMIN/df = 3.732; CFI = 0.960; TLI = 0.948; RMSEA = 0.078; SRMR = 0.039). According to the EFA findings of the Hindrance Demands Scale, when the KMO value (0.947) and the Bartlett sphericity test value (X2 (78) = 5263.056; p=0.001) were examined, it was seen that the data were suitable for analysis. When the CFA findings of the Hindrance Demands Scale were examined, it was seen that the fit indices were at an acceptable level (X2 (61) = 208.794; p=0.001; CMIN/df = 3.423; CFI = 0.972; TLI = 0.964; RMSEA = 0.073; SRMR = 0.032). In conclusion, the Challenge-Hindrance Demands Scale for Nursing Professionals with 13 items and four dimensions developed to measure the stress, hindrance, and challenge levels of nurses in their professional life in Turkey may be used in future studies.
In this paper the notion of generalized derivation for
a hyperlattice is introduced and some basic properties of them are derived.
Bu makalede hiperlatisler üzerinde genelleştirilmiş türev kavramı
...tanıtıldı ve bunların bazı temel özellikleri elde edildi.
Aim: Major side effects of cyclophosphamide administration are immunosuppression and myelosuppression. The immunomodulatory effects of plant bioactive compounds on chemotherapy drug-induced ...immunosuppression may have significant effects in cancer treatment. For this reason, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in rats.
Methods: In our study, a total of 64 rats were used, and divided into eight equal groups. These groups were: control, cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide + myricetin (100 mg/kg), cyclophosphamide + myricetin (200 mg/kg), cyclophosphamide + apigenin (100 mg/kg), cyclophosphamide + apigenin (200 mg/kg), cyclophosphamide + hesperidin (100 mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide + hesperidin (200 mg/kg). Myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin pretreatments were performed for 14 d, while cyclophosphamide application (200 mg/kg) was performed only on the 4th day of the study. Levels of humoral antibody production, quantitative hemolysis, macrophage phagocytosis, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and natural killer cell cytotoxicity were determined. In addition, we measured pro-inflammatory cytokines, and followed lipid peroxidation and antioxidant markers and examined the histology of bone marrow, liver and spleen in all groups.
Results: During cyclophosphamide treatment, all three phytochemicals increased the levels of humoral antibody production, quantitative hemolysis, macrophage phagocytosis, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, antioxidant markers, and natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, the agents decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, reduced lipid peroxidation markers, and reduced tissue damage in liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin can reduce the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide by enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses, and these compounds may be useful immunomodulatory agents during cancer chemotherapy.
To investigate the maternal, neonatal outcomes of the patients with short interdelivery interval (IDI) considering initial pregnancy outcomes.
Women with two consecutive deliveries between 2016 and ...2020 were included in the study. The maternal and neonatal outcomes of both pregnancies were reviewed. The time interval between consecutive deliveries was calculated. The patients were divided into two groups in terms of IDI either less or more than 24 months.
The number of patients with short IDI (≤24 months), and normal IDI was 1.915 and 1.370, respectively. About 15% of the women in both groups had at least one obstetric morbidity. The rates of uterine rupture, placenta previa, and peripartum hysterectomy were higher in women with short IDI. The number of patients with low birth weight, very low birth weight, and stillbirth was higher in the short IDI group.
Patients with short interpregnancy intervals should be considered high-risk pregnancy. Adequate contraceptive methods should be used to prevent unintended pregnancies.
•hDP-MSCs significantly inhibited the proliferation of PHA-stimulated CD4+ T cells.•The CD4+Tbet+ and CD4+Gata3+ T cells were decreased by the hDP-MSCs.•The CD4+Stat3+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells ...were increased by the hDP-MSCs.•HGF may be important to plasticity of immunosuppressive regulatory Th17 cells.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have strong immunomodulatory properties, however these properties may show some differences according to the tissue type of their isolate. In this study we investigated the paracrine interactions between human DP derived MSCs (hDP-MSCs) and the CD4+ T helper cell subsets to establish their immunomodulatory mechanisms. We found that the CD4+-Tbet+ (Th1) and CD4+-Gata3+ (Th2) cells were suppressed by the hDP-MSCs, but the CD4+-Stat3+ (Th17) and CD4+-CD25+-FoxP3+ (Treg) cells were stimulated. The expressions of T cell specific cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-g), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17a decreased, but IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-b1) increased with the hDP-MSCs. The expressions of indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) derived from hDP-MSCs slightly increased, but hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) significantly increased in the co-culture groups. According to our findings, the hDP-MSCs can suppress the Th1 and Th2 subsets but stimulate the Th17 and Treg subsets. The Stat3 expression of Th17 cells may have been stimulated by the HGF, and thus the pro-inflammatory Th17 cells may have altered into the immunosuppressive regulatory Th17 cells. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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