Studies on the determinants of low-carbon innovations in developed countries already exist. We test here the institutional environment in Poland (science–government–enterprise) as supporters of the ...technological change in industry towards a low-carbon economy. We will examine as well whether conclusions for well-developed countries are relevant for those catching up. The aim of the article is to assess the systemic nature and durability of the impact of internal and external conditions on the implementation of low-carbon technologies in Polish industry. In order to achieve the goal, two surveys were carried out for the periods 2007–2012 and 2013–2018, on sample sizes of 11,493 enterprises. To verify the hypotheses, a statistical multi–factor logit modelling was used to determine the chances of low-carbon innovations under the influence of various parallel circumstances. The results of this research point to other, often abrupt (unstable) phenomena occurring in the catching-up economy, which are the consequence of a long-term technological gap. The case of Poland shows the lack of cooperation between science, enterprises and the government in stimulating the development of low-carbon technologies, although enterprises do try to implement such technologies on their own in the absence of any external cooperation. Without Research and Development (R&D) support and government subsidies, the attempt to implement low-carbon technology fails. Thus, the institutional framework should distinguish between catching-up and developed countries due to the gaps in technological knowledge, cooperation and institutional barriers.
There is a necessity to combine the development of the European Union with a model of a sustainable economy, which is important to stimulate eco-innovation. The government of each member state is ...obliged to create support mechanisms that will encourage entrepreneurs to implement pro-environmental solutions. This requires the identification of determinants for eco-innovation. This paper identifies and compares conditions of eco-innovation in two sectors in Poland: ICT (information and communication technologies) and industry. Putting together many different types of conditions into one model (including government, science, industry, and ICT) allows us to explain what is more important when making a decision about implementing new eco-solutions. The study covered over 3000 enterprises. Stepwise logit regression was used to examine all relationships of interest. We discovered two separate (independent) paths of approach to eco-innovation for ICT and industry. This means that another condition should be fulfilled to reach any eco-innovation in each of the sectors. There are just a few factors supporting new environmental solutions in ICT with strong impact—cooperation with suppliers, journals as a source of new knowledge, or financial support by credit institutions with high materials and energy efficiency at the end of the process. Industry could be described more like a horizontal approach—a wide number of conditions with low impact on eco-innovation. Therefore, innovation policies in the catching-up country should be more sophisticated and take care of more relevant tools for both sectors.
Research background: Business support organization’s positive influence on innovation activity seems so obvious, but it is thought to find the systemic research that confirm such phenomenon form the ...one side. The author did not find papers with specific statistical interaction between them from the other one. Purpose: The main research goal is to assess the systemic importance of relationships between business environment institutions and the type of innovative activity in Poland. Research methodology: The survey was conducted in the years 2013–2017 on a group of 6,283 industrial companies in Poland (the primary database contained nearly eighty thousand active manufacturing enterprises with a 9% survey success rate). The author used multiregression logit models to describe the statistical significant relations between business support units and innovation activity in enterprises. Results: The positive feedback from the logit models show us homogeneity of the country system from the one side (the same direction influence) and heterogeneity from the other (differences between support units) that flows from these interactions. The impact of the BSO units were statistically significant, strong and positive in most cases, excluding some exceptions. Novelty: Appointment of systemic strength, direction and odds ratio of the impact the support units have on innovation activity in Poland.
The literature review reveals diverging views on the influence of economic cycles on the innovation activity of companies. This article is a voice in this discussion. It provides, empirically ...verified arguments, allowing one to support or reject the accepted research hypotheses. These assume that: (1) The expectations with respect to income dynamics play a more important role in stimulating innovation activity than the dynamics of (actual) income levels; and (2) Different economic structures and levels of technological development in the chosen Balkan states, despite the geographic proximity of these states and similarity in economic situation, influence the geographic differentiation in terms of the innovation activity. The obtained research results show a greater differentiation in terms of actions of companies than previously thought. It has been confirmed that when the companies sense an improvement in economic situation, their innovation activity increases, this is, however, accompanied by a noticeable anticipatory element. It turned out that the expectations regarding an improvement in economic conditions have an additional stimulating effect on such an activity, whereas the recession itself, as well as the expectations in that respect, have a de-stimulating effect. It turned out that the expectations with regard to the future economic situation are the most important here, a factor that has been neglected so far.
Research background: There are two main directions for the research of the national innovation system (NIS): the international comparison of macro data from national statistic offices or specific ...micro research restricted mostly to analysing selected issues. There is a lack of empirical studies regarding the national innovation system as a whole based on micro raw data and using statistical models. Purpose of the article: To identify and evaluate the impact of the triple helix (an input and output approach) on the NIS in Poland, including internal interactions between industry, science and government. Methods: A questionnaire surveys were conducted by the authors over the past five years in 6,284 manufacturing enterprises. The multifactor stepwise logistics regression forward was used to evaluate what, where and how effectively the NIS institutions in catching-up and medium-sized countries such as Poland are working. Findings & value added: The NIS of Poland is a complicated and non-mature system. Some parts of the network are effective, while others are not. It is noted that cooperation between enterprises stimulates innovation to a greater extent than cooperation with scientific institutions and public administration. The vertical supply chain is the main driver of NIS in Poland. Domestic scientific institutions have an impact that is often short-term, fragmented, and non-continuous, though it can be strong from time to time. Strangely, organizations with low knowledge potential support industry innovation activity more efficiently and in a more organised way than science institutes, excluding foreign ones. For catching-up countries, this is an important bridging of the knowledge gap - it turns out that the quantity and quality of domestic knowledge in the national innovation system is inefficient. Scientific institutions need to achieve sufficient critical mass to stimulate innovative activity. The value of the conclusions is underlined by the fact that the analyses were based on micro data, which allowed to capture the relationships between the different elements of the triple helix.
Od wielu lat wiemy, że innowacje odpowiadają za rozwój gospodarczy, choć ilościowych studiów badawczych z tego zakresu jest cały czas relatywnie niewiele. W krajach rozwiniętych większość nowych ...technologii powstaje dzięki wewnętrznym wysiłkom badawczo-rozwojowym. W krajach je goniących, takich jak Polska, dominuje transfer technologii, a struktura nakładów na innowacje jest skrajnie odmienna. Dodatkowo komplikacje w badaniu tych zjawisk tworzą krótkie szeregi czasowe statystyki publicznej. Artykuł ma na celu identyfikację i ocenę wpływu nakładów na innowacje i ich struktury na kształtowanie produkcji przemysłowej (wytwórczości przemysłowej) w Polsce w latach 2006–2015. Uwzględnia on zróżnicowanie regionalne, opóźnienia czasu i system wag w badanym okresie. Jakie są główne determinanty rozwoju wytwórczości w Polsce? Czy wewnętrzne badania i rozwój? Czy może bierny transfer technologii, w tym z zagranicy? Analizy oparto na wieloczynnikowym panelowym modelowaniu regresji na podstawie szeregów Banku danych lokalnych GUS. Główne wnioski dotyczą: 1) zmian we wpływie poszczególnych kategorii wydatków na innowacje na wartość produkcji przemysłowej, 2) rosnącego znaczenia wysiłków B+R, przy stale istotnym zakupie maszyn i urządzeń z importu, 3) istotnego znaczenia opóźnionego oddziaływania części nakładów na wyniki przemysłowe, 4) uwzględnienia wpływu zróżnicowania przestrzennego na modelowanie badanych zjawisk.
The food industry is one of the traditional areas of management, the so-called low-tech. For this reason, technological and spatial proximity may be the key to create new solutions in the Polish food ...industry. The main objective of the study was an attempt to seek infl uence of relationships with suppliers on innovation activities of enterprises in the food industry in Poland. As a consequence, this would allow to determine the boundary conditions for the model structure of innovation networks within producers of food and beverages, with special reference to the Polish economy. The study was conducted on a group of 631 companies food industry companies located in Poland. Methodical part of the analysis was based on probit regression (probability theory).
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