Premda se može činiti kako je svijet visoke politike u kojima su se diplomatske aktivnosti ostvarivale bio lišen emotivne komponente, kasnosrednjovjekovni dubrovački administrativni spisi potvrđuju ...prisutnost emocija u narativu, ritualu i prostoru. Diplomatske emocije pronalaze se u intimnoj i javnoj komunikaciji: pismima, ugovorima, ceremonijalnim radnjama i tajnim pregovorima. Njihova važnost leži u praktičnoj komponenti koja je oblikovala konkretne postupke sudionika diplomatske interakcije. Primjenjujući veći broj teorijskih pristupa i metodoloških paradigmi, u ovom članku propituju se mehanizmi i strategije iza uporabe emocija i načini njihove ekspresije ovisno o pojedinčevom društveno-političkom položaju, spolu, podrijetlu, profesiji i religijskoj pripadnosti. Od posebne su važnosti pitanja posvećena performativnosti emocija, odnosno što se njihovom primjenom praktično moglo postići. Na tragu nove diplomatske povijesti koju je odškrinuo J. Watkins, pozivajući na bavljenje kulturološkim i društvenim kontekstom u kojem se odvijaju diplomatska poslanstva, ovaj rad ukazuje na povezanost visoke politike i emocija što otvara prostor novim istraživačkim pitanjima, interpretacijama i zaključcima.
The article analyzes the role of Ragusan ambassadors who played an important role in establishing and maintaining relationships between their hometown and the Angevin court. These individuals ...mediated the communication between the center of power and the local community, using their privileged position to obtain personal gains. The multidirectional relationships in which they participated are seen as important instruments that influenced the (re)shaping of the socio-political reality in which the ‘center of power’ and the ‘periphery’ acted and influenced each other. Of particular interest are the activities of the envoys in conflict situations that arose between the actors in the triangle: Louis I of Anjou - ambassadors – Dubrovnik`s councillors. Constitutive historiographical analyzes devoted to power relations are concerned with the question of how central authorities control and manage peripheral structures. Such a perspective of studying the relationship between the center of power and the periphery ‘from above’ to ‘below’ does not recognize the importance of the personal connections of individuals who acted as connective tissue between political subjects that differed in their hierarchical position. Power was not reserved exclusively for the king, but was noticeable at different levels of social life and political activity. Herewith, a prominent place is given to individuals who, among other things, can attribute their position to established personal contacts with influential people of their time. In the article, the focus of scientific interest is on the interpersonal contacts of Ragusan ambassadors who were assigned the role of a link between the Angevin court and the Ragusan authorities at the critical moment of the establishment of mutual relations through negotiations in Višegrad in 1358, as well as in the years that followed. In the analysis of the questions, I rely on the prosopographical method and the theory of social networks. By following the career path of the elected representatives of the commune and analyzing their private, marital and clientelistic relationships, we will gain an insight into the network of personal contacts and the ways of their establishment, maintenance and usage, as well as the problems that arose among its members over time. Of special importance are the personal connections of the envoys, which were an important part of their private life, but also of their public political activities. They are associated with moral values such as loyalty, honor and trust, and emotions such as love.
Emotions shouldn`t be neglected, but rather taken seriously in order to understand better the complexity of political, and socio-cultural processes that they have generated. The study of emotions in ...the field of diplomacy is particularly promising, but requires precise definition of the term, explanation of the methodological approach and qualifications concerning the research possibilities that depend upon the nature of the archival sources. The goal of this article is to analyze how words used to signify emotions, which could be signified as negative, shaped practical decisions within certain socio-political and cultural contexts ; in other words to demonstrate an active role of emotions in shaping and conducting practical diplomatic decisions. The study aims to underpin the reciprocal relations between emotions and actions illustrated by two case studies from the late medieval Ragusan history. The sources of an interest are preserved in the State archive in Dubrovnik, in the archival seria Lettere di Levante, which, among others, contains the instructions written by the city authorities to their envoys. Despite the fact that the instructions were a product of a long and sober-minded discussions, and therefore they aren`t usually abundant with words used to express certain emotions in them, places where those expressions appear are quite significant and can tell us more about how emotions were used as a tool of cognitive processes.
Zovko-Šoštarić Valentina. Negative Emotions in Action – two Examples from the 15th Century Ragusan Diplomacy. In: Hiperboreea. Journal of History, vol. 6, N°1, 2019. pp. 5-15.
Herbicidi inihibitori acetolaktat sintaze (ALS) koriste se u većini ratarskim i povrtnih usjeva te višegodišnjim nasadima za suzbijanje jednogodišnjih i višegodišnjih korovnih vrsta. Njihova široka ...upotreba, kao i povlačenja velikog broja herbicida s tržišta EU-a, doveli su do pojave rezistentnih biotipova korova na ove herbicide. Zbog gorućeg problema rezistentnosti svih štetnika na pesticide, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede financira projekt „Program monitoringa rezistentnosti štetnih organizama na sredstva za zaštitu bilja u Republici Hrvatskoj 2018-2020“ u sklopu kojeg su i u našoj zemlji potvrđene rezistentne populacije dvije korovne vrste: Sorghum halepense i Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Sustavnim provođenjem integriranog suzbijanja korova potrebno je spriječiti daljnje širenje rezistentnih populacija
Roxb., an East Asian plant species naturalised in many parts of the European continent, has been recorded for the first time in Croatia in two anthropogenic habitats in Varaždin city (NW Croatia). ...This study reports the newly discovered localities and presents the characteristics of the new alien species in the flora of Croatia. A determination key is given for
taxa registered in Croatia and neighbouring countries.
To comprehensively assess relevant institutional variations in anesthesia and intensive care management during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.
The authors used a prospective data ...analysis.
This was an online survey.
Participants were from LVAD centers in Europe and the US.
After investigating initial interest, 91 of 202 European and 93 of 195 US centers received a link to the survey targeting institutional organization and experience, perioperative hemodynamic monitoring, medical management, and postoperative intensive care aspects.
The survey was completed by 73 (36.1%) European and 60 (30.8%) US centers. Although most LVAD implantations were performed in university hospitals (>5 years of experience), significant differences were observed in the composition of the preoperative multidisciplinary team and provision of intraoperative care. No significant differences in monitoring or induction agents were observed. Propofol was used more often for maintenance in Europe (p < 0.001). The choice for inotropes changed significantly from preoperatively (more levosimendan in Europe) to intraoperatively (more use of epinephrine in both Europe and the US). The use of quantitative methods for defining right ventricular (RV) function was reported more often from European centers than from US centers (p < 0.05). Temporary mechanical circulatory support for the treatment of RV failure was more often used in Europe. Nitric oxide appeared to play a major role only intraoperatively. There were no significant differences in early postoperative complications reported from European versus US centers.
Although the perioperative practice of care for patients undergoing LVAD implantation differs in several aspects between Europe and the US, there were no perceived differences in early postoperative complications.
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