Simultaneous control of the kinetics and thermodynamics of two different types of covalent chemistry allows pathway selectivity in the formation of hydrogelating molecules from a complex reaction ...network. This can lead to a range of hydrogel materials with vastly different properties, starting from a set of simple starting compounds and reaction conditions. Chemical reaction between a trialdehyde and the tuberculosis drug isoniazid can form one, two, or three hydrazone connectivity products, meaning kinetic gelation pathways can be addressed. Simultaneously, thermodynamics control the formation of either a keto or an enol tautomer of the products, again resulting in vastly different materials. Overall, this shows that careful navigation of a reaction landscape using both kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity can be used to control material selection from a complex reaction network.
Twelve wild, endophyte-infected populations of perennial ryegrass were tested for resistance against artificial infection of Drechslera siccans and Fusarium spp. Plants with identified endophyte ...presence (E+), together with plants free from endophytes (E−), were inoculated with serious turf grass pathogens: D. siccans (cause of brown blight) and a mixture of Fusarium species (cause of Fusarium blight). For both diseases, the positive effect of endophyte presence on plant resistance was observed. In the case of a few ecotypes, endophyte infection increased resistance against both diseases, which is of practical importance for disease control.
•Endophyte infected (E+) and endophyte free (E−) plants of Lolium perenne were used.•Plants were inoculated with Drechslera siccans and Fusarium spp.•Positive effects of endophyte presence on plant resistance was observed.•For a few ecotypes increased resistance against both diseases was noted.
We review theories of Asymmetric Dark Matter (ADM), their cosmological implications and detection. While there are many models of ADM in the literature, our review of existing models will center on ...highlighting the few common features and important mechanisms for generation and transfer of the matter–anti-matter asymmetry between dark and visible sectors. We also survey ADM hidden sectors, the calculation of the relic abundance for ADM, and how the DM asymmetry may be erased at late times through oscillations. We consider cosmological constraints on ADM from the cosmic microwave background, neutron stars, the Sun, and brown and white dwarves. Lastly, we review indirect and direct detection methods for ADM, collider signatures, and constraints.
A theoretical analysis of linear and non-linear (two-photon absorption) electronic spectroscopy of all known porphyrinic pigments has been performed using linear and quadratic density functional ...response theory, with the long-range corrected CAM-B3LYP functional. We found that higher Soret transitions often contain non-Gouterman contributions and that each chlorophyll has the possibility for resonance enhanced TPA in the Soret region, although there is also significant TPA in the Q region.
Spacetime fluctuations in AdS/CFT Verlinde, Erik; Zurek, Kathryn M.
The journal of high energy physics,
04/2020, Letnik:
2020, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We compute fluctuations in the modular energy of the vacuum associated with a Rindler-wedge in AdS spacetime in the context of AdS/CFT. We discuss the possible effect of these energy ...fluctuations on the spacetime geometry, and on the traversal time of a light beam propagating from the boundary to the bulk and back.
The first reports from Pfannmöller et al. (1994) and Lewis (2000) regarding the level of Neotyphodium colonization of grasses in Poland identified ratios ranging from 20% to 60%. To date, the studies ...of endophytes in Poland have focused mainly on the rate of endophyte infection in subsequent years of plantation use, the effect of endophytes on turf performance and the occurrence of endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. The aforementioned studies were mainly conducted on breeding varieties of grasses. From 2007 to 2009, intensive studies on Neotyphodium occurrence in ecotypes of wild grasses in Poland were conducted. The results suggest that Neotyphodium species are quite common in Poland and colonize roughly 70% of semi-natural, used or abandoned grasslands. In this paper we review studies that have been conducted thus far in Poland regarding the occurrence of Neotyphodium spp. in grasses.
► We summarized Polish literature describing the occurrence of Neotyphodium spp. on grasses in Poland. ► Neotyphodium fungi colonize grasses on ca. 70% of semi-natural, used or abandoned grasslands in Poland. ► Endophytes were found also in seeds, especially of meadow and red fescues and perennial ryegrass. ► Seeds with endophytes were found in forage grass seed mixtures bought in local markets.
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