A new microsporidium is reported from the small spruce bark beetle, Ips amitinus: Microsporidium sp. with uninucleate oval spores measuring 3.5 × 2.5 μm; infecting cells of the midgut epithelium, ...midgut muscles, the fat body, the Malpighian tubules, and the gonads of adult beetles collected in Austria. Seven other pathogens were found in beetles collected from Austria, the Czech Republic, and Finland. Six of them were already known from I. amitinus. Nosema cf. typographi is recorded for the first time in the overwintering generation of I. amitinus from the Czech Republic.
Abstract Introduction Maternal diabetes mellitus changes morphology and impairs function of placental capillaries. Here, quantitative parameters characterizing cell proliferation using detection of ...Ki67, differentiation reflected by nestin expression and apoptosis in placental capillary bed with active caspase 3 as a marker were compared in normal term placentas and placentas from pregnancies complicated by Type 1 maternal diabetes mellitus. Methods Specimens of sixteen diabetic placentas and eight control placentas were collected by systematic uniform random sampling. Immunohistochemical detections of Ki67, nestin, and active caspase 3 were performed in histological sections of five haphazardly chosen blocks per placenta. Twenty fields of view per section, i.e. one hundred fields of view per placenta, were used for analysis of proliferation as well as of apoptosis, and in approximately 70 capillary cross-sections per placenta the nestin-positive segments of their circumference were measured. Results The percentage of Ki67-positive cells counted in the capillary wall was significantly lower in diabetic group. The counts of Ki67-labelled nuclei per villous area unit were significantly lower in cytotrophoblast and capillary wall of terminal villi in diabetic placenta. The proportion of nestin-labeled segments of capillary circumference was significantly higher in placentas of diabetic group. No differences in the numbers of apoptotic cells were found between studied groups. Discussion The results show that the term placenta in Type 1 diabetes has lower potential to enlarge the surface area of structures involved in maternofetal transport, and that the villous capillary bed displays delayed differentiation. Those factors may participate in decreased ability of diabetic placenta to comply with fetal requirements in the final stage of pregnancy.
Polarization and positive phase contrast microscope were concomitantly used in the study of the internal structure of microbial cells. Positive phase contrast allowed us to view even the fine cell ...structure with a refractive index approaching that of the surrounding environment, e.g., the cytoplasm, and transferred the invisible phase image to a visible amplitude image. With polarization microscopy, crossed polarizing filters together with compensators and a rotary stage showed the birefringence of different cell structures. Material containing algae was collected in ponds in Sýkořice and Zbečno villages (Křivoklát region). The objects were studied in laboratory microscopes LOMO MIN-8 Sankt Petersburg and Polmi A Carl Zeiss Jena fitted with special optics for positive phase contrast, polarizers, analyzers, compensators, rotary stages, and digital SLR camera Nikon D 70 for image capture. Anisotropic granules were found in the cells of flagellates of the order Euglenales, in green algae of the orders Chlorococcales and Chlorellales, and in desmid algae of the order Desmidiales. The cell walls of filamentous algae of the orders Zygnematales and Ulotrichales were found to exhibit significant birefringence; in addition, relatively small amounts of small granules were found in the cytoplasm. A typical shape-related birefringence of the cylindrical walls and the septa between the cells differed in intensity, which was especially apparent when using a Zeiss compensator RI-c during its successive double setting. In conclusion, the anisotropic granules found in the investigated algae mostly showed strong birefringence and varied in number, size, and location of the cells. Representatives of the order Chlorococcales contained the highest number of granules per cell, and the size of these granules was almost double than that of the other monitored microorganisms. Very strong birefringence was exhibited by cell walls of filamentous algae; it differed in the intensity between the cylindrical peripheral wall and the partitions between the cells. Positive phase contrast enabled us to study the morphological relationship of various fine structures in the cell (poorly visible in conventional microscope) to anisotropic structures that have been well defined by polarization microscopy.
This work describes autofluorescence of the mycelium of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans grown on spruce wood blocks impregnated with various metals. Live mycelium, as opposed to dead mycelium, ...exhibited yellow autofluorescence upon blue excitation, blue fluorescence with ultraviolet (UV) excitation, orange-red and light-blue fluorescence with violet excitation, and red fluorescence with green excitation. Distinctive autofluorescence was observed in the fungal cell wall and in granula localized in the cytoplasm. In dead mycelium, the intensity of autofluorescence decreased and the signal was diffused throughout the cytoplasm. Metal treatment affected both the color and intensity of autofluorescence and also the morphology of the mycelium. The strongest yellow signal was observed with blue excitation in Cd-treated samples, in conjunction with increased branching and the formation of mycelial loops and protrusions. For the first time, we describe pink autofluorescence that was observed in Mn-, Zn-, and Cu-treated samples with UV, violet or. blue excitation. The lowest signals were obtained in Cu- and Fe-treated samples. Chitin, an important part of the fungal cell wall exhibited intensive primary fluorescence with UV, violet, blue, and green excitation.
•Two requirements have to be fulfilled to achieve a stable tunnel face.•The 1st: a sufficient slurry pressure in the excavation chamber.•The 2nd: transfer mechanism is required for efficient slurry ...pressure transfer.•Cutting tools are disturbing periodically the pressure transfer mechanism.•A new approach to assess the periodical interaction is developed for Case A.
Stability of the tunnel face is a key design aspect for slurry shield tunnelling. Two requirements have to be fulfilled during excavation in order to achieve a stable tunnel face. The first requirement is a sufficient slurry pressure in the excavation chamber of the shield to balance the pore water pressure and the earth pressure. Moreover, the fraction of the slurry pressure, which exceeds the pore pressure, has to be transferred efficiently on the soil grains to avoid possible collapse of the tunnel face. The pressure transfer theory currently being employed in the practice expects a filter cake formation on the tunnel face or a penetration zone through which the pressure transfer is assured. However, this practical assessment approach was originally developed for diaphragm walls and therefore the excavation process is neglected. Hereby, it is assumed, that the transfer mechanism on the tunnel face is built-up immediately and steadily. This assumption is not valid for the tunnel face of the slurry shield since the transfer mechanism is periodically destroyed by cutting tools. This paper introduces a new approach for the implementation of the formation process in the analysis of the pressure transfer in case of a shallow slurry penetration depth smaller than the cutting depth of the tools. First, existing theories dealing with the pressure transfer are reviewed. Consequently, a new approach describing the support pressure transfer for slurry shields is derived and implemented in a numerical seepage model. Calculations are carried out in order to determine the efficient amount of the pressure transfer during excavation.
•Two requirements have to be fulfilled to achieve a stable tunnel face.•The 1st: a sufficient slurry pressure in the excavation chamber.•The 2nd: transfer mechanism is required for efficient slurry ...pressure transfer.•Cutting tools are disturbing periodically the pressure transfer mechanism.•Realistic conditions on the tunnel face are experimentally simulated for Case B.
Stability of the tunnel face is a key design aspect for slurry shield tunnelling. Two requirements have to be fulfilled during excavation in order to achieve a stable tunnel face. The first requirement is a sufficient slurry pressure in the excavation chamber of the shield to counterbalance the acting pore water pressure and the earth pressure. Moreover, the fraction of the slurry pressure in the excavation chamber, which exceeds the pore pressure in the ground, has to be applied as effective stress onto the soil skeleton. This transfer of effective stress can be formulated as the second requirement. The pressure transfer theory currently being employed in the practice expects either a filter cake formation on the tunnel face or a penetration zone through which the pressure transfer is assured. However, this practical assessment approach was developed originally for diaphragm wall technology and therefore the time interval of the excavation process is neglected. Hereby, it is assumed, that the transfer mechanism on the tunnel face is built-up immediately and steadily. This assumption is not valid for the tunnel face of the slurry shield since the transfer mechanism is periodically destroyed by rotating cutting tools. In this paper, the time-related conditions on the slurry supported tunnel face are experimentally simulated. It is focused on the cases with deep slurry penetration. First, existing theories dealing with the pressure transfer are reviewed. Then, a new experimental devices and approaches are introduced. The investigations show that a relation exists between the efficient support pressure transfer during excavation and the pore pressure distribution in the slurry penetrated zone at static conditions.
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: National Medical Library/Národní lékařská knihovna - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Erytrocytární aloimunizace ...(izoimunizace, hemolytické onemocnění plodu a novorozence – HON) se v současnosti díky rutinní imunoprofylaxi anti-D imunoglobulinem vyskytuje sporadicky. Výskyt atypických aloimunizací non-RhD-antigeny zůstává neměnný, poněvadž není známa profylaxe a ani prevence nezajišťuje stoprocentní účinnost. Pokud se imunoprofylaxe anti-D imunoglobulinem neprovede nebo selže, hrozí vznik hemolytického onemocnění plodu a novorozence. Každý případ je potom unikátní (specifita a typ protilátky, blokující protilátky v séru matky, antigenní výbava erytrocytů plodu, gestační stáří při začátku onemocnění atd). Pokroky v genové diagnostice, imunohematologii a dopplerovské ultrasonografii významně snižují frekvenci nutných invazivních zákroků v diagnostice a léčbě senzibilizovaného těhotenství. Intraumbilikální přísně intravenózní transfuze pod ultrasonografickou kontrolou je první metodou volby léčby případů s těžkou anémií plodu i při rozvinutém hydropsu. Konzultace a léčba se soustřeďují do center s perfektní porodnickou a neonatologickou péčí a nepřetržitou operační pohotovostí. Klíčová slova: anti-D-imunoglobulin – erytrocytární aloimunizace – hemolytické onemocnění plodu a novorozence – imunoprofylaxe anti-D-imunoglobulinem – intraumbilikální intravenózní transfuze- The erythrocyte alloimmunization (isoimmunization, hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn – HON) occurs sporadically at present, thanks to routine immunoprophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin. The occurrence of atypical alloimmunizations related to non-RhD-antigens remains unchanged, as there is no prophylaxis known and even the prevention does not provide one hundred percent efficiency. When anti-D immunoglobulin immunoprophylaxis is not undertaken or fails, the threat of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn arises. Every case is then unique (specificity and type of antibody, blocking antibodies in maternal serum, antigenic make-up of fetal erythrocytes, gestational age at the disease onset etc). The advancements in genetic diagnostics, immunohematology and Doppler ultrasonography significantly reduce the frequency of necessary invasive interventions in the diagnostics and treatment of sensibilized pregnancy. Intraumbilical strictly intravenous transfusion under ultrasound guidance is the first-line method of therapy for cases of severe fetal anemia as well as advanced hydrops. Consultations and treatment are provided in the centres for comprehensive obstetrical and neonatal care with continuous intervention preparedness. Key words: anti-D immunoglobulin – erythrocyte alloimmunization – hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn – anti-D immunoglobulin immunoprophylaxis – intraumbilical intravenous transfusion- Zdeněk Žižka- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
This diploma thesis deals with the management of tourism development and destination marketing with a focus on the latest trends in the tourism market and their adoption by the destination management ...organizations (DMOs) in the regions of Czechia. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part general preconditions for successful development of incoming tourism are described and the possible use of specific electronic tools for destination marketing at the international level is outlined. The empirical part is dedicated to the critical evaluation of geographic definition of tourist regions in Czechia and geographic nomenclature in English. Tourist web portals in the Czech regions were analyzed in comparison with portals of selected regions abroad. Attention is also paid to the use of social media in destination marketing. Finally, it outlines suggestions for improving the current situation of digital destination marketing in Czech regions. Key words: Czechia, tourism, destination marketing, information technology, geographic names
Aim: Uterine artery embolization for fibroids is a controversial issue for women with incomplete reproductive plans. Ovarian failure and uterine infection are the most dreaded complications of this ...procedure. The purpose of the present study was to assess the types and the frequency of intrauterine abnormalities and the histological features of the endometrium after embolization.
Methods: Uterine artery embolization was performed on 51 women (average age 34.5 years) with intramural fibroid/s larger than 4 cm. Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy was performed from 3 to 9 months later in the luteal phase of the cycle.
Results: Despite all women having no major symptoms prior to hysteroscopy, only 19 (37%) had completely normal hysteroscopic findings. There was intrauterine protrusion of fibroid/s in 19 cases (37%), yellowish coloration of the endometrium in 14 (28%), intrauterine or cervical adhesions in seven (14%), and communication between the myoma and the uterine cavity in five cases (10%). A normal, functional endometrium was histologically verified in 44 women of 49 (90%) who could be evaluated. Regressive changes (necrosis or hyalinization) of leiomyoma or of indefinite origin were found in 17 patients and embolization particles in five, including one patient with microspheres inside the endometrial vessel. No case of Asherman syndrome or endometrial atrophy was observed.
Conclusion: The frequency of abnormal hysteroscopic findings after embolization is surprisingly high. The clinical significance, reversibility, and impact on fertility of abnormal hysteroscopic findings after embolization remain unclear. Regardless, hysteroscopy should be strongly recommended to all patients after uterine fibroid embolization, prior to conception.
Pathogens of two important bark beetles, Ips typographus and Ips duplicatus, both in outbreaks connected with infestation of spruces by the fungus Armillaria ostoyae, were compared at four localities ...in the eastern Czech Republic. Low infestations of Chytridiopsis typographi, Nosema typographi, Menzbieria chalcographi, and Gregarina typographi were detected in I. typographus. In I. duplicatus, only C. typographi and G. typographi were found and with low infection levels. The microsporidium, Larssoniella duplicati, was not detected in I. typographus, but was detected in I. duplicatus at all localities in almost 80% of the samples (a sample consisted of 40-50 beetles collected at one locality in one period) and often with a very high infection level (up to 57% of the beetles infected in a sample). The infection level of L. duplicati did not differ between generations of I. duplicatus. I. duplicatus overwinters mainly in the adult stage, and no decrease in the number of infected overwintering I. duplicatus was observed. The relatively constant infection level of L. duplicati suggests that transmission is unlikely to be horizontal via oral ingestion.
