With the forthcoming of space borne observatories devoted to research Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) in the decade of 1020eV, new challenges are posed to the experimental techniques. Mounted ...on the International Space Station, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory on board the Japanese Experimental Module (JEM-EUSO) will rely on the well established fluorescence technique to observe Extensive Air Showers(EAS) propagating in the atmosphere from space. The EUSO Simulation and Analysis Framework (ESAF) has been developed in this context to provide a full end-to-end simulation frame. Within ESAF the angular reconstruction modules rely on an a priori knowledge of the photoelectrons that were produced by an EAS and were also detected by the focal surface. Therefore, there is the need for a tool that discriminates between EAS-photoelectrons and background. In this paper we discuss the Peak and WIndow SEarching (PWISE) technique, which we have implemented inside ESAF as a module to perform the discrimination of the EAS photoelectrons. This is essential since the angular reconstruction modules rely on the knowledge of the EAS-photoelectrons. We also present some first results of the angular reconstruction using this module within ESAF.
In this paper we describe the expected performance of JEM-EUSO. Designed as the first mission to explore the ultra-high energy universe from space, JEM-EUSO will monitor the Earth’s atmosphere at ...night to record the UV (300–430nm) tracks generated by the extensive air showers produced by ultra-high energy primary particles developing in the atmosphere. Studies of the expected aperture, the estimated exposure, as well as on the methods to infer arrival direction, energy, and Xmax of primary particles are presented.
To determine the relationship between different body positions during recumbency on the cranial migration of epidurally injected methylene blue in canine cadavers.
21 fresh cadavers of clinically ...normal adult female mixed-breed dogs.
Dogs were randomly assigned to the following 3 groups: dogs remaining in right lateral recumbency (n = 7), dogs rotated from left to right lateral recumbency (7), and dogs rotated from dorsal to right lateral recumbency (7). Each dog received an epidural injection of 0.05% methylene blue (0.1 mL/kg) at the lumbosacral space. A dorsal laminectomy of the vertebral column was made, and cranial extent of methylene blue in 4 quadrants (right lateral, left lateral, ventral, and dorsal) was determined by examining dura mater staining.
No significant difference was found among groups in regard to body weight or body condition score. Epidural cranial migration of methylene blue in the right lateral quadrant was significantly greater in dogs that remained in right lateral recumbency than in dogs that were rotated from left to right lateral recumbency. No significant difference was found within groups for epidural cranial migration of methylene blue between each quadrant. No significant relationship was found between body weight or body condition score and epidural cranial migration of methylene blue.
Body positioning and amount of recumbency time influence cranial migration of epidurally injected methylene blue. If greater cranial migration of an epidurally administered drug is desired, placing the patient in lateral recumbency with the surgical site on the dependent side may precede surgery.
The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2015, Letnik:
798, Številka:
C
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world׳s largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and ...characteristics of cosmic rays above 1017eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000km2 overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5km2, 61-detector infilled array with 750m spacing. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000km2sryr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Observatory.
The Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observatories recently discovered gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral. A short gamma-ray burst (GRB) that followed the merger of this binary ...was also recorded by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM), and the Anti-Coincidence Shield for the Spectrometer for the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), indicating particle acceleration by the source. The precise location of the event was determined by optical detections of emission following the merger. We searched for high-energy neutrinos from the merger in the GeV-EeV energy range using the Antares, IceCube, and Pierre Auger Observatories. No neutrinos directionally coincident with the source were detected within 500 s around the merger time. Additionally, no MeV neutrino burst signal was detected coincident with the merger. We further carried out an extended search in the direction of the source for high-energy neutrinos within the 14 day period following the merger, but found no evidence of emission. We used these results to probe dissipation mechanisms in relativistic outflows driven by the binary neutron star merger. The non-detection is consistent with model predictions of short GRBs observed at a large off-axis angle.
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