The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is one of the subdetectors of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), a general-purpose particle detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The CMS ECAL ...Detector Control System (DCS) and the CMS ECAL Safety System (ESS) have supported the detector operations and ensured the detector’s integrity since the CMS commissioning phase, more than 10 years ago. Over this long period, several changes to both systems were necessary to correct issues, extend functionality and keep them in-line with current hardware technologies and the evolution of software platforms. Due to the constraints imposed on significant changes to a running system, major hardware and software upgrades were therefore deferred to the second LHC Long Shutdown (LS2). This paper presents the architectures of the CMS ECAL control and safety systems, discusses the ongoing and planned upgrades, details implementation processes and validation methods and highlights the expectations for the post-LS2 systems.
The control system for the CMS tracker front end Drouhin, F.; Figueiredo, P.; Gras, P. ...
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,
06/2002, Letnik:
49, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) tracker uses complex, programmable embedded electronics for the readout of silicon sensors, for the control of the working point of optical transmitters, for the phase ...adjustment with respect to the 40-MHz Large Hadron Collider (LHC) clock, and for the monitoring of voltages, currents, and temperatures. To establish reliable low-noise communication with the outside world, the control chain has been designed to operate over a ribbon of digital optical fibers. A small-scale prototype of the control system for the CMS tracker has been recently developed; it is based on a front-end controller unit that distributes, via high-speed digital optical links, both timing signals and slow control data to the clocking and control units where they are fanned out to the front-end electronics. To operate these devices and finally perform the downloading of the settings needed to operate the system, a multilayered software architecture has been developed in such a way that the end user does not need to know any of the details concerning the hardware structure. The parameters relevant to the proper operation of the entire system are stored in an Oracle database; an interface between the slow control software and the database allows one to access and retrieve the values of the parameters that need to be downloaded. This paper describes the components, hardware and software, of the prototype control system developed for the CMS tracker.
A method is described for the characterization and counting of discharges in MSGCs. It is shown that the technique is sensitive enough to detect the micro-discharges which occur prior to full ...sparking, with a detection efficiency of 0.8. Some example results are presented, showing the variation of micro-discharge rate with gain.
We present the beam test results of single-sided silicon microstrip detectors, with different substrate resistivities. The effects of radiation damage are studied for a detector irradiated to a ...fluence of
2.4×10
14
n/
cm
2
. The detectors are read out with the APV6 chip, which is compatible with the
40
MHz
LHC clock. The performance of different detectors and readout modes are studied in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and efficiency.
A set of microstrip gas chamber (MSGC) prototypes, developed for the barrel Tracking Detector of the CMS experiment at LHC, has been tested in a beam. The chambers were 10cm long, with Pestov or ...diamond coated glass substrate. The results on the performance of the chambers are reported. The spatial uniformity of the chambers is also illustrated.
Test of a CMS MSGC tracker prototype in a high-intensity hadron beam Abbaneo, D.; Albert, E.; Angelini, F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/1998, Letnik:
409, Številka:
1-3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A set of CMS MicroStrip Gas Chambers (MSGC) was exposed to a high-intensity 3GeV/c pion beam at a CERN PS facility for a period of two weeks. The performance of the detectors is reported in terms of ...stability of efficiency and response to minimum ionising particles as well as to more heavily ionising fragments generated by nuclear interactions.
The CMS tracker control system Dierlamm, A; Dirkes, G H; Fahrer, M ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
07/2008, Letnik:
119, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Tracker Control System (TCS) is a distributed control software to operate about 2000 power supplies for the silicon modules of the CMS Tracker and monitor its environmental sensors. TCS must thus ...be able to handle about 104 power supply parameters, about 103 environmental probes from the Programmable Logic Controllers of the Tracker Safety System (TSS), about 105 parameters read via DAQ from the DCUs in all front end hybrids and from CCUs in all control groups. TCS is built on top of an industrial SCADA program (PVSS) extended with a framework developed at CERN (JCOP) and used by all LHC experiments. The logical partitioning of the detector is reflected in the hierarchical structure of the TCS, where commands move down to the individual hardware devices, while states are reported up to the root which is interfaced to the broader CMS control system. The system computes and continuously monitors the mean and maximum values of critical parameters and updates the percentage of currently operating hardware. Automatic procedures switch off selected parts of the detector using detailed granularity and avoiding widespread TSS intervention.
MicroStrip Gas Chambers (MSGC's) have been proposed for equipping the outer region of the tracker of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The MSGC's have ...undergone extensive development and tests during the last few years and their performance is well established. An important issue that has to be addressed to date is whether MSGC's can maintain their characteristics after a long exposure to an intense flux of particles, similar to LHC. We report results from the most recent beam test addressing this topic.
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