A test facility to study the light-transmission properties of scintillating fiber waveguides for tracking applications in high-energy physics is being developed. A light-tight box 2 m in length has ...been built, and data acquisition hardware and software is in place for testing various aspects of scintillating fibers and waveguides. Scintillating fibers have been excited with radioactive sources, ultraviolet light sources, and light-emitting diodes. Various photodetectors such as photomultiplier tubes, photodiodes, charge-coupled devices and solid-state photomultipliers have been utilized to detect the transmitted light. Studies of attenuation length and transmission through splices are presented.< >
The sequence of changes at the site of a positive tuberculin test response were studied in 19 healthy young adults who had been immunised with BCG in childhood. The development of erythema preceded ...that of induration and both were most intense at 48-72 h. The strongest reactions showed higher laser Doppler (LD) flux at the periphery than at the center (central relative slowing). All showed a substantial reduction in steady-state (ss) tcpO2 from 24 h onwards and the oxygen consumption rate (mlO2.kg-1.min-1), calculated from the rate of fall in tcpO2 during temporary cuff occlusion of arterial input, was raised (greater than two-fold) throughout the period of study (to 96 h). The density of lymphocytes and macrophages in the inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis was related to the fall in tcpO2.ss and to the extent of thickening of the dermis. These experiments showed that the previously healthy dermal microcirculation can adapt to temporary increase in metabolic demands of leucocytes emigrated from the circulation into the tissue: in intense delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) reactions there is considerable hypoxia and respiratory debt, but maintenance of viability in the short-term. It is likely that similar adaptations occur in the period of establishment of microbial infection.
We conducted a randomized controlled trial of orally administered amifloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as treatments of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. ...Amifloxacin at a dosage of 200 mg twice a day appeared as safe and effective as TMP-SMX, but amifloxacin at 400 mg twice a day tended to cause adverse events more frequently than did TMP-SMX.
Transcutaneous measurements of pO2 and pCO2 were made on the forearm skin after intradermal injection of histamine, PGE2, and saline. The mediators, used at concentrations which induce intense ...hyperaemia, did not modify the steady state tcpO2/pCO2 levels measured with a sensor head temperature of 44 degrees C when breathing air or hyperbaric (2ATA) oxygen. It was deduced that gas transport is unaffected by mediator-induced conditions in the skin. The rates of fall of tcpO2 and of rise of tcpCO2 after arresting the forearm circulation by cuff occlusion of the arm were significantly less at the histamine site than at the PGE2 and saline sites. The values over the PGE2 and saline injection sites were less than those over undisturbed skin. The dynamic tests of respiratory gas exchange indicate that the skin metabolic rate is reduced at all injection sites and the greatest effect was seen with histamine. Measurement of dermal thickness after saline injection has shown that the excess interstitial fluid persists at the time of maximal hyperaemia: this is further accentuated at the histamine site through active oedema formation. Accumulation of excess interstitial fluid (persistence of aqueous injection or oedema generated by the action of mediator) separates the tissue cells. The reduction in the number of cells per unit volume is sufficient to explain the observed reduction in oxygen consumption per unit volume of skin. It is concluded that the increased diffusional distances in mediator-induced oedema are unimportant for the respiration of otherwise normal tissues, but that oedema by reducing oxygen flux may contribute appreciably to the hypoxia of inflamed tissue infiltrated with metabolically active cells.
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