This study is focused on the metals’ pollution level in sediment core collected from Manora Picnic Point of Karachi coastal area Pakistan. The sediment was categorized in terms of pH, particle size, ...total organic carbon (TOC), calcium carbonate, and heavy metals, besides the determining the mineralogy composition of sediment. Metals were determined using proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) technique. The results of abundant and heavy metals in the sediment core indicated a significant upward enrichment, which could be the cause of discharge of industrial effluents and domestic wastewaters of Metropolitan Karachi into sea. The average geo-accumulation index values showed that sediments were moderately polluted with Co and Pb, and unpolluted for metals (Al, Ca Mg, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Ti, V, and Zn). The pollution load index values indicate an increasing trend from bottom to top, which may be due to the influence of anthropogenic sources. According to the sediment quality guidelines of United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), core sediment was heavily polluted with Ni and moderately polluted with Pb, Cu and Zn.
Sediment accumulation rates and age of sediments were determined using
210
Pb dating method by applying constant rate of supply model of six bottom sediment cores, collected from various locations ...(Rehri Creek, Ghizri Creek, Korangi Creek, Manora Picnic Point, Sandspit and Sunairi Point) of Karachi coastal area of Pakistan. The results showed that an increase in accumulation rate was observed in the recent years in all the sediment cores which may be attributed to human activities and changes in patterns of water circulation. The mean values of sediment accumulation rates varied between 0.43 and 1.45 kg m
−2
y
−1
and the highest accumulation rates were observed in recent sediments of Manora Picnic Point (3.40 kg m
−2
y
−1
), Korangi creek (2.88 kg m
−2
y
−1
) and Ghizri creek (2.13 kg m
−2
y
−1
), which may owe to the anthropogenic inputs (direct discharge of massive amount of industrial and domestic wastewaters into the sea) and addition of sediment loads by river run off during monsoon season. It was also inferred from the study that the bottom most layers of different sediment cores were estimated to be accumulated between 1889 and 1911.
Twenty surface sediment samples were gathered from Chasma Lake, deciding the radionuclides
137
Cs,
226
Ra,
228
Ra,
232
Th, and
40
K and their associated hazard indices. The deliberate radionuclide ...activities of present research have been contrasted with earlier research, and acquired outcomes in the present study are found below the results in the world. The radiation hazard indices following the presence of natural radionuclides in sediment samples were estimated, and the results assigned the values of all the determined radiological indices found inside the worldwide suggested limits. It was concluded from the current review that the sediment of Chashma Lake is safe for construction and agriculture and does not make radiation dangerous to the nearby local area of the lake.
Glioblastoma multiforme,an intrusive brain cancer,has the lowest survival rate of all brain cancers.The chemotherapy utilized to prevent their proliferation and propagation is limited due to ...modulation of complex cancer signalling pathways.These complex pathways provide infiltrative and drug evading properties leading to the development of chemotherapy resistance.Therefore,the development and discovery of such interventions or therapies that can bypass all these resistive barriers to ameliorate glioma prognosis and survival is of profound importance.Medicinal plants are comprised of an exorbitant range of phytochemicals that have the broad-spectrum capability to target intrusive brain cancers,modulate anti-cancer pathways and immunological responses to facilitate their eradication,and induce apoptosis.These phytocompounds also interfere with several oncogenic proteins that promote cancer invasiveness and metastasis,chemotherapy resistance and angiogenesis.These plants are extremely vital for promising anti-glioma therapy to avert glioma proliferation and recurrence.In this review,we acquired recent literature on medicinal plants whose extracts/bioactive ingredients are newly exploited in glioma therapeutics,and also highlighted their mode of action and pharmacological profile.
Dermatophytes are the group of fungi which causes superficial fungal infections in human beings and animal through out the world. They are closely related group of keratinophilic fungi that can ...invade keratinized tissues of humans and animals such as skin, nails and hairs and have the ability to utilize a unique enzyme that is keratinase. Worldwide millions of people are affected by these fungal infections. Dermatophytes are responsible for most superficial fungal infections. Superficial fungal infections are very common in children. Three most common genera of dermatophytes which belong to class Hyphomyctetes of Deutromycota (imperfect fungi, are Tricho phyton, Epidermophyton_and Microsporum. Fungal diseases are predominant in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in tropical countries like Pakistan and India due to the hot and humid climate.
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