This paper considers an event‐driven distributed non‐convex optimization algorithm for a multi‐agent system, where each agent has a non‐convex cost function. The goal of the multi‐agent system is to ...minimize the global objective function, which is the sum of these local cost functions, in a distributed manner. To this end, each agent updates the own state by a consensus‐based gradient descent algorithm. The local information exchange among neighbor agents is carried out with an event‐triggered scheme to achieve consensus with less inter‐agent communication. Convergence to a critical point of the objective function and the validity of the proposed algorithm in numerical examples are shown.
In the hole-doped cuprates, a small number of carriers suppresses antiferromagnetism and induces superconductivity. In the electron-doped cuprates, on the other hand, superconductivity appears only ...in a narrow window of high-doped Ce concentration after reduction annealing, and strong antiferromagnetic correlation persists in the superconducting phase. Recently, Pr(1.3-x)La0.7Ce(x)CuO4 (PLCCO) bulk single crystals annealed by a protect annealing method showed a high critical temperature of around 27 K for small Ce content down to 0.05. Here, by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements of PLCCO crystals, we observed a sharp quasi-particle peak on the entire Fermi surface without signature of an antiferromagnetic pseudogap unlike all the previous work, indicating a dramatic reduction of antiferromagnetic correlation length and/or of magnetic moments. The superconducting state was found to extend over a wide electron concentration range. The present results fundamentally challenge the long-standing picture on the electronic structure in the electron-doped regime.
The presence or absence of a quantum critical point and its location in the phase diagram of high-temperature superconductors have been subjects of intense scrutiny. Clear evidence for quantum ...criticality, particularly in the transport properties, has proved elusive because the important low-temperature region is masked by the onset of superconductivity. We present measurements of the low-temperature in-plane resistivity of several highly doped La2-xSrxCuO4 single crystals in which the superconductivity had been stripped away by using high magnetic fields. In contrast to other quantum critical systems, the resistivity varies linearly with temperature over a wide doping range with a gradient that scales monotonically with the superconducting transition temperature. It is maximal at a critical doping level (pc) approximately 0.19 at which superconductivity is most robust. Moreover, its value at pc corresponds to the onset of quasi-particle incoherence along specific momentum directions, implying that the interaction that first promotes high-temperature superconductivity may ultimately destroy the very quasi-particle states involved in the superconducting pairing.
Background
The impact strengths of solder joints between an electrical substrate and millimeter- or micrometer-sized electrical components such as resistors and capacitors must be determined when ...designing the electrical devices. Impact fracture of the device must be also considered due to mounting a lot of small electrical devices on an electrical board at high speed in production of many components.
Objective
A small drop-weight testing machine based on electromagnetic induction principle is developed using an impactor with a weight below 1 g to measure the impact load and specimen deformation.
Methods
Three impactors composed of an aluminum cylinder and a neodymium magnet were prepared to determine a suitable impactor for the drop-weight machine. The coils were placed near the specimen to measure the electromotive forces in accordance with the electromagnetic induction phenomena that occur during impactor collision with the specimen. The impact force and specimen deflection were analyzed from the electromotive forces.
Results
The machine was validated by coinciding the impulses of the impact loads with the momentum variations before and after the collisions of the drop weight. In the actual small drop-weight tests, measuring the impact load was clarified to be accurate by validating the absence of residual variations in the histories of impact load after the collision.
Conclusion
The small drop-weight testing machine and measurement system based on the electromagnetic induction phenomena were developed using impactors with a weight below 1 g to measure impact load and specimen deformation.
Anaphes (Anaphes) flavipes (Foerster), a fairyfly (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) native of Europe, is an economically important egg parasitoid for the natural control of Oulema spp. leaf beetle ...(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) pests of cereal crops such as barley, oats, rye, and wheat in Europe, and for the classical biological control of the invasive Oulema melanopus (L.) in North America. A morphologically very similar Anaphes (Anaphes) nipponicus Kuwayama, known from mainland China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Far East of Russia and Taiwan, is an egg parasitoid of Oulema oryzae (Kuwayama), a pest of rice mainly in temperate parts of East Asia. The nuclear 28S-D2 and ITS2 and the mitochondrial COI genes were used as markers to compare specimens of A. (Anaphes) flavipes reared from eggs of an Oulema sp. on barley in Germany with those of A. (Anaphes) nipponicus reared from eggs of O. oryzae on rice in Honshu Island, Japan. Because the resulting sequences are practically identical, within an expected intraspecific genetic variability, conspecificity of these two nominal species has been confirmed, and consequently A. (Anaphes) nipponicus Kuwayama, 1932, syn. n. is synonymized with A. (Anaphes) flavipes (Foerster, 1841). Taxonomic notes and illustrations are provided for the specimens of both sexes of A. (Anaphes) flavipes from Japan to facilitate their recognition.
In this paper, a small impact testing machine was developed as an application of the method for measuring impact load based on electromagnetic induction phenomena. The experimental results were shown ...to determine the effectiveness of the method. The electromotive forces generated in two coils near a specimen were measured when a small impactor containing a neodymium magnet, having a mass of 0.36 g, was dropped freely onto a 1.2-mm-thick glass plate. The histories of the impact load and the relation between the impact load and specimen deflection were evaluated from the measured electromotive forces because the electromotive force per impactor velocity is dependent on only the position of the impactor. The method and developed machine with the measurement system were determined to be effective by considering the experimental impact test results for the glass plates.
We examine 3‐D lightning location data and radar data obtained through multiple radar observation stations, including two X‐band phased array weather radars (PAWRs), in order to understand the ...relationship between thunderstorm electrification and storm kinetics. In an investigated convective cell, both intracloud (IC) and cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flash rates drastically change within 25 min. First, the IC flash rate shows a steep increase with a peak at 10 min−1, and then, the CG flash rate peaks 7 min afterward. During the increase phase of the IC flash rate, the radar observation indicates that the echo top height and updraft echo volume in the upper level increase. The upper positive charge regions removed by IC flashes are located in or near the updraft region at high altitudes. On the contrary, the IC flash rate decreases when the updraft at high altitudes weakens. The IC flash rate is well correlated with a proxy for updraft volume in 1 min interval comparison. These results indicate that the IC flash rate has a strong connection with updraft at high altitudes. The CG flash rate peaks when precipitation particles, probably involving graupel, from high altitudes arrive at approximately the −10°C isotherm level. We speculate that graupel from high altitudes might contribute to the initiations of CG flashes. We show an abrupt ascent of the upper positive charge region involved in IC flashes. PAWR observation results indicate that the updraft might have contributed to the ascent of the upper positive lightning charge region.
Key Points
Relationship between storm electrification and kinetics is revealed by two phased array weather radars and 3‐D lightning mapper observation
In an investigated convective cell, the IC flash rate is well correlated with a proxy for updraft volume in 1 min interval comparison
Descent of graupel particles from high altitudes to midlevel altitude might have contributed in initiating CG flashes
The authors have been developing a large AC current source with a single-phase Bi2223 superconducting transformer. The authors aim to develop the source of supplying current with the maximum ...frequency of 1 kHz and the maximum amplitude of 1 kA. However, the conventional transformer has some leakage inductance resulting in large voltage drop, and therefore it was unable to transport the current with high frequency and large amplitude. In this paper, the authors propose a configuration of the transformer with less leakage inductance than inductance of the conventional one. Improved current source has output current with the maximum frequency of 1 kHz and the maximum amplitude of 900 A. In addition, a protection system for normal transition in the transformer is proposed. The authors have proposed the active power method to detect the normal transition. For high frequency and large current, however, the normal transition may be incorrectly detected by using the method due to large AC loss. The authors show a new method to avoid the incorrect detection by an empirical formula based on measurement results of the AC loss. From the experimental results of the normal transition, the authors show that the proposed method is more correct to detect the normal transition than the conventional method.
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