Hegemony tells the story of the drive to create consumer capitalism abroad through political pressure and the promise of goods for mass consumption. In contrast to the recent literature on America as ...empire, it explains that the primary goal of the foreign and economic policies of the United States is a world which increasingly reflects the American way of doing business, not the formation or management of an empire. Contextualizing both the Iraq war and recent plant closings in the U.S., noted author John Agnew shows how American hegemony has created a world in which power is no longer only shaped territorially. He argues in a sobering conclusion that we are consequently entering a new era of global power, one in which the world the US has made no longer works to its singular advantage.
Some accounts focus on the role of governmental systems in the management of the 2020-22 Coronavirus/Covid-19 pandemic. But studies with such an emphasis have typically taken second place to ...interpretations of outcomes in terms of cases and deaths based on cultural and demographic differences. In theory, federal systems would seem to have certain advantages in managing pandemics given the presumed ability to co-manage national challenges at the federal level (testing, vaccines, resources, etc.) with local differences in demography and behaviour at the state level. This paper argues that, in the case of the United States, its federal system was central to its failure in managing the pandemic. But rather than an indictment of federalism broadly construed, this was the result of a vision of federalism put into practice since the 1980s reflecting a strict division of powers between the states and the federal government. Rather than partners or collaborators with the federal government, the states became competitors with one another and with the federal government. This was the recipe for failure more than was federalism as such.
Arguing with Regions Agnew, John A.
Regional studies,
20/1/1/, Letnik:
47, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Agnew J. A. Arguing with regions, Regional Studies. An analytical survey of how regions have entered into the arguments of the social sciences serves to highlight the uses and limitations of ...different understandings of regions and their various theoretical biases. It also provides a way of introducing the articles in the rest of this special issue. It considers how regions have come to be used as a classificatory device across the social sciences, discusses the various meanings given to regions in empirical research, and examines the main philosophical and theoretical controversies that have been sparked by their use. Matching regions to purpose and avoiding a singular conception of 'region' that claims to fit all arguments are the main conclusions.
区域 分类 地域 关系性
Agnew J. A. 争论区域，区域研究。对于区域如何进入社会科学争论的分析性研究，得以强调不同理解区域方式的使用与限制，及其互异的理论偏见。该分析同时提供做为此一专题中其他文章的引文。它考虑区域如何成为社会科学中分类的机制、探讨经验研究中赋予区域的各种意涵，并检视此一使用在哲学上与理论上引发的主要争论。将区域与目的相互配对，并避免宣称适用于所有主张的单一概念化区域，是为本文的主要结论。
Régions Classement Territorial Relationnel
Agnew J. A. Discuter avec les régions, Regional Studies. Une étude analytique de comment les régions sont entrées dans la polémique des sciences sociales permet de mettre en lumière l'emploi et les limites des divergences d'interprétation de ce que c'est une région et de leurs biais théoriques particuliers. Elle fournit aussi un moyen de présenter les articles qui font figurent dans ce numéro spécial. On considère comment les régions sont devenues un classement à travers les sciences sociales, discute des diverses interprétations dans la recherche empirique de ce que c'est une région, et examine les principales polémiques philosophiques et théoriques qui en découlent. Les principales conclusions à en tirer sont les suivantes: adapter les régions à l'objectif et éviter une notion unique de la 'région' qui prétend s'adapter à tous les arguments.
Regionen Klassifizierung Territorial Relational
Agnew J. A. Die Kontroverse der Regionen, Regional Studies. Eine analytische Untersuchung der Frage, wie die Regionen zum Streitpunkt der Gesellschaftswissenschaften geworden sind, ermöglicht eine Herausarbeitung der Verwendungen und Grenzen der unterschiedlichen Auffassungen der Regionen sowie ihrer verschiedenen theoretischen Verzerrungen. Ebenso bietet diese Untersuchung eine Einführung in die übrigen Artikel dieser Sonderausgabe. Es wird untersucht, wie die Regionen in den Gesellschaftswissenschaften zu einem Mittel der Klassifizierung geworden sind, es werden die verschiedenen Bedeutungen von Regionen in der empirischen Forschung erörtert, und es werden die wichtigsten philosophischen und theoretischen Kontroversen analysiert, die sich aus dieser Nutzung ergeben haben. Die wichtigsten Schlussfolgerungen lauten, dass die Regionen an ihren Zweck angepasst werden müssen und dass die Nutzung einer einzigen Auffassung der 'Region', die für sich in Anspruch nimmt, zu sämtlichen Argumenten zu passen, zu vermeiden ist.
Regiones Clasificación Territorial Relacional
Agnew J. A. La polémica con las regiones, Regional Studies. Un estudio analítico donde se cuestiona cómo han entrado las regiones en la polémica de las ciencias sociales sirve para destacar el uso y las limitaciones de las diferentes interpretaciones de las regiones y sus sesgos teóricos. También ofrece una forma de presentar los otros artículos de este número especial. Se aborda el modo en que las regiones se han empezado a utilizar como un método de clasificación en las ciencias sociales, analizando los diferentes significados que se han dado a las regiones en el estudio empírico, y examinando las principales controversias filosóficas y teóricas que se han generado por su uso. Las principales conclusiones son que hay que ajustar las regiones a su finalidad y evitar un concepto singular de la 'región' que pretende encajar en todas las discusiones.
The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Political Geography aims to account for the intellectual and worldly developments that have taken place in and around political geography in the last 10 years. ...Bringing together established names in the field as well as new scholars, it highlights provocative theoretical and conceptual debates on political geography from a range of global perspectives. * Discusses the latest developments and places increased emphasis on modes of thinking, contested key concepts, and on geopolitics, climate change and terrorism * Explores the influence of the practice-based methods in geography and concepts including postcolonialism, feminist geographies, the notion of the Anthropocene, and new understandings of the role of non-human actors in networks of power * Offers an accessible introduction to political geography for those in allied fields including political science, international relations, and sociology
This study expands previous equine-assisted intervention research by evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic horseback riding (THR) on self-regulation, socialization, communication, adaptive, and ...motor behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Participants with ASD (aged 6-16 years; N = 127) were stratified by nonverbal IQ standard scores (≤85 or >85) and randomized to 1 of 2 groups for 10 weeks: THR intervention or a barn activity (BA) control group without horses that used similar methods. The fidelity of the THR intervention was monitored. Participants were evaluated within 1 month pre- and postintervention by raters blinded to intervention conditions and unblinded caregiver questionnaires. During the intervention, caregivers rated participants' behaviors weekly.
Intent-to-treat analysis conducted on the 116 participants who completed a baseline assessment (THR n = 58; BA control n = 58) revealed significant improvements in the THR group compared to the control on measures of irritability (primary outcome) (p = .02; effect size ES = 0.50) and hyperactivity (p = .01; ES = 0.53), beginning by week 5 of the intervention. Significant improvements in the THR group were also observed on a measure of social cognition (p = .05; ES = 0.41) and social communication (p = .003; ES = 0.63), along with the total number of words (p = .01; ES = 0.54) and new words (p = .01; ES = 0.54) spoken during a standardized language sample. Sensitivity analyses adjusting for age, IQ, and per protocol analyses produced consistent results.
This is the first large-scale, randomized, controlled trial demonstrating efficacy of THR for the ASD population, and findings are consistent with previous equine-assisted intervention studies.
Trial of Therapeutic Horseback Riding in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder; http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02301195.
Climate models project continued Arctic sea ice reductions with nearly ice-free summer conditions by the mid-21st century. However, how such reductions will realistically enable marine access is not ...well understood, especially considering a range of climatic scenarios and ship types. We present 21st century projections of technical shipping accessibility for circumpolar and national scales, the international high seas, and three potential navigation routes. Projections of marine access are based on monthly and daily CCSM4 sea ice concentration and thickness simulations for 2011–2030, 2046–2065, and 2080–2099 under 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 W/m
2
radiative forcing scenarios. Results suggest substantial areas of the Arctic will become newly accessible to Polar Class 3, Polar Class 6, and open-water vessels, rising from ~54 %, 36 %, and 23 %, respectively of the circumpolar International Maritime Organization Guidelines Boundary area in the late 20th century to ~95 %, 78 %, and 49 %, respectively by the late 21st century. Of the five Arctic Ocean coastal states, Russia experiences the greatest percentage access increases to its exclusive economic zone, followed by Greenland/Denmark, Norway, Canada and the U.S. Along the Northern Sea Route, July-October navigation season length averages ~120, 113, and 103 days for PC3, PC6, and OW vessels, respectively by late-century, with shorter seasons but substantial increases along the Northwest Passage and Trans-Polar Route. While Arctic navigation depends on other factors besides sea ice including economics, infrastructure, bathymetry, and weather, these projections are useful for strategic planning by governments, regulatory agencies, and the global maritime industry to assess spatial and temporal ranges of potential Arctic marine operations in the coming decades.
A prominent political and human geographer outlines a way of thinking about China's "place in the world" that is based on a penetrating examination of how influential Chinese thinkers and politicians ...use analogies to China's past historical practices and geographical forms as sources of inspiration for contemporary and future directions in Chinese foreign policy. Different venues within China, such as military academies, universities, and civilian think-thanks, are producing interpretive frames (geopolitical narratives) that are competing for influence within the leadership of the Communist Party and the state bureaucracy. The author distinguishes four such narratives, each with a different emphasis on China's past: (a) Pacific Rim, (b) Orientalist, (c) nationalist geopolitik, and (d) international relations with Chinese characteristics. He argues that rather than simply imposing Western narratives on China, investigators should be concerned with exploring the geopolitical narratives that are arising from within China and that will plausibly provide the justifications for future Chinese foreign policy.
Bed bugs have reemerged recently as a serious and growing problem not only in North America but in many parts of the world. These insects have become the most challenging pest to control in urban ...environments. Residual insecticides are the most common methods used for bed bug control; however, insecticide resistance limits the efficacy of treatments. Desiccant dusts have emerged as a good option to provide a better residual effect for bed bug control. Several studies have focused on determining the efficacy of dust-based insecticides against bed bugs. However, behavioral responses of bed bugs to insecticide dusts could influence their efficacy. The behavioral responses of bed bugs to six insecticide dusts commonly used in the United States were evaluated with an advanced video tracking technique (Ethovision). Bed bugs took longer to make first contact with areas treated with the diatomaceous earth (DE)-based products MotherEarth D and Alpine than pyrethroid, pyrethrins or silica gel based products, DeltaDust, Tempo 1% Dust and CimeXa, respectively. Lower visitation rates of bed bugs were recorded for areas treated with MotherEarth D, Alpine and CimeXa than that of DeltaDust, Tempo 1% Dust, and Tri-Die Silica + Pyrethrum Dust. Bed bugs spent less time in areas treated with Tri-Die Dust, CimeXa, Alpine, and MotherEarth D than DeltaDust and Tempo 1% Dust, and they exhibited a reduction in locomotor parameters when crawling on areas treated with CimeXa and Alpine. The implications of these responses to bed bug control are discussed.
The Turkestan cockroach,
(Walker), is an invasive urban pest prevalent in dry areas of the southwestern United States. Treatment with liquid spray formulations containing insecticides is the most ...conventional method to decrease Turkestan cockroach population abundance around buildings. Intensive application of insecticide treatments near natural environments has prompted concerns regarding the impacts on non-target aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Technologies embedding insecticides in a paint matrix have successfully been used for the long-term reduction in disease-vector populations in tropical areas. Here, we evaluated the potential effectiveness of three pyrethroid-based paints against Turkestan cockroach nymphs on common surfaces inhabited by this species. Turkestan cockroaches continuously exposed for 1 h to 1-month aged alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin paints applied to concrete, metal, or PVC caused moderate to high mortality. Evaluations using choice boxes indicated that deltamethrin and transfluthrin paints had combined lethal and repellent effects on cockroaches. Alphacypermethrin also caused repellency and killed cockroaches rapidly. We discuss the implications of these findings on cockroach control practices.
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