Recent developments in the Internet of Things (IoT) technology provide an unprecedented opportunity for personalized services. To take advantage of this great potential, consumers are willing to ...provide their personal information at the risk of privacy breach. This paper examines factors affecting the willingness to provide privacy information based on the privacy calculus theory in several IoT services; healthcare, smart home and smart transportation. The proposed model is estimated using survey data collected from 154 people who know the concept of IoT. The results indicate that people do not pay much attention to perceived privacy risk when providing privacy information for a better personalized service. However, in healthcare service, where perceived privacy risk is high, people are not willing to provide their personal information despite the lower expected value from incomplete personalization. Analysis of privacy behavior in the context of IoT services provides implications for and insight into the tradeoff decision between perceived privacy risk and willingness to provide personal information.
•Perceived benefit has an effect on the willingness to provide privacy information.•Some network externality factors have a significant effect on perceived benefit.•Perceived privacy risk does not matter when providing privacy information.•Despite the lower expected value from non-personalization, risk matters in healthcare.
Although spam email messages have been the primary source of cybercrime since the early Internet era, there is no quick fix to this problem. Governments have established anti‐spam legislation, but ...surprisingly, there has been no measurement of policy impact. This study aims to fill the gap by utilizing a quasi‐experimental setting in South Korea, where the anti‐spam policy was substantially amended in November 2014. A significant change was in the default setting, switching from an opt‐out to an opt‐in scheme, which required that commercial email senders obtain recipients' prior consent. Also, the law notably escalated the deterrent penalties for perpetrators. To empirically examine the policy effectiveness, we use a large‐scale data set of 5.61 billion spam emails originating from over 38,000 spammers in 226 countries during twenty months in 2014–2015. Our findings suggest that the amended policy adopting the opt‐in scheme decreased the volume of spam originating from Korea by 16.1%. The expected economic gain from the increased productivity of recipients is 7.649 million USD per year. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting that a well‐designed policy can lower cybersecurity incidents that threaten organizations, operations, and individuals. Our finding also provides important implications for policymakers and managers in designing effective policies with data‐driven evidence.
The 2D–0D hybrid photodetector, with its special structure, high sensitivity, and wavelength tunability, is reported as a promising candidate system for optoelectronic devices. As research on hybrid ...lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) has progressed, PQDs with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield and excellent absorption properties are increasingly applied in optoelectronic devices; however, PQD stability remains one of the biggest limitations on device performance. Here, it is reported that the properties and stability of the hybrid photodetectors are improved by surface passivation using the quaternary ammonium ligand (didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, DDAB). The average carrier lifetime of DDAB treated CsPbBr3 PQDs (DDAB‐capped PQDs) is longer than that of pristine CsPbBr3 PQDs by 6.68–14.88 ns. It is confirmed that the durability against water is reduced by only 25.8% at PL intensity and is preserved for more than 16 h. A 2D–0D hybrid photodetector is then fabricated by deposition of DDAB‐capped PQDs on the WSe2 field‐effect transistor device for a high‐performance photodetector. The WSe2/DDAB‐capped PQD hybrid photodetector exhibits an enhanced responsivity of 1.4 × 103 A W−1 and an improved detectivity of 3.1 × 1013 Jones under 40.0 µW cm−2 of a 405 nm laser.
High stability and optical properties of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with surface ligand exchange of oleylamine to didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) are demonstrated. Not only is the photoluminescence quantum yield increased from 72% to 88% with narrow full width at half maximum after ligand exchange but the DDAB‐capped PQDs also maintain their luminescence against water conditions. The 2D–0D hybrid photodetector exhibits higher performance in detectivity and responsivity because of ligand passivation.
Interaction between dipoles often emerges intriguing physical phenomena, such as exchange bias in the magnetic heterostructures and magnetoelectric effect in multiferroics, which lead to advances in ...multifunctional heterostructures. However, the defect‐dipole tends to be considered the undesired to deteriorate the electronic functionality. Here, deterministic switching between the ferroelectric and the pinched states by exploiting a new substrate of cubic perovskite, BaZrO3 is reported, which boosts the square‐tensile‐strain to BaTiO3 and promotes four‐variants in‐plane spontaneous polarization with oxygen vacancy creation. First‐principles calculations propose a complex of an oxygen vacancy and two Ti3+ ions coins a charge‐neutral defect‐dipole. Cooperative control of the defect‐dipole and the spontaneous polarization reveals ternary in‐plane polar states characterized by biased/pinched hysteresis loops. Furthermore, it is experimentally demonstrated that three electrically controlled polar‐ordering states lead to switchable and nonvolatile dielectric states for application of nondestructive electro‐dielectric memory. This discovery opens a new route to develop functional materials via manipulating defect‐dipoles and offers a novel platform to advance heteroepitaxy beyond the prevalent perovskite substrates.
A new cubic perovskite substrate BaZrO3 promotes an innovative ferroelectric state and functionality in heteroepitaxial BaTiO3 film through applications of square tensile strain. The isotropic strain induces intriguing four‐variants polar domains of in‐plane spontaneous polarization. Cooperation between the built‐in local point defect‐dipole and the four‐variants polar domains enables the reversible control of ternary polar states.
•Animation plays a significant moderating role in Internet banner ads.•Across repetition, attention decreases with static ads but not with animated ones.•Across repetition, memory performance ...saturates slower for animated banner ads.•After repetitive brief exposures, attitude becomes more positive for animated ads.
Many advertising repetition studies have demonstrated wear-out effects, and found several moderating variables. In the context of Internet banner ads, this study examines the effects of repetition on attention, memory, and attitude, and identifies the moderating role of animation. By analyzing data on users’ actual visual attention, we found attention wear-out occurs with static but not with animated banner ads, which consequently influences the downstream effects: Compared to a static banner ad, an animated ad barely attracts consumers’ attention initially, resulting in worse memory performance and attitude in the beginning. However, with repeated brief exposures, animated banner ads eventually catch up with the static ads on memory and generate even better performance in terms of attitude. To summarize, animations signal the users the existence of ads and lead to ad avoidance behavior, but after repetitive exposures they induce positive user attitude through the mere exposure effect. Both the theoretical and practical implications are explored for using animation on the banner ads.
Purpose While prior studies have explored the relationship between visual appeal and purchasing decisions, the role of bookmarking has largely been underemphasized. This research aims to address this ...gap by focusing on the impact of bookmarking on consumer behavior, guided by the cognitive load theory and dual-system theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors executed a controlled experiment and analyzed the results using a two-stage regression method that linked visual appeal, bookmarking and purchase intent. Further empirical analysis was conducted to authenticate the authors' proposed model, utilizing real-world mobile commerce data from a clothing company. Findings This study's findings suggest that visual appeal influences purchase intent primarily through the full mediation of bookmarking, rather than exerting a direct influence. Furthermore, an increase in colorfulness corresponds positively with visual appeal, while visual complexity exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with it. Originality/value This study provides novel insights into the choice-set formation process through the theoretical lens of dual-system theory. Additionally, the authors employed an image processing technique to quantify a product's visual appeal as depicted in a photograph. This study also incorporates a comprehensive econometric analysis to connect the objective aspects of visual appeal with subjective responses.
Rationally designed P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 is introduced as a novel cathode material for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs). P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode material designed through electrochemical ...ion‐exchange from P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 exhibits satisfactory electrode performances; 110 mAh g−1 (20 mA g−1) retaining 86% of capacity for 300 cycles and unexpectedly high reversible capacity of about 91 mAh g−1 (1400 mA g−1) with excellent capacity retention of 83% over 500 cycles. According to theoretical and experimental investigations, the overall potassium storage mechanism of P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 is revealed to be a single‐phase reaction with small lattice change upon charge and discharge, presenting the Ni4+/2+ redox couple reaction. Such high power capability is possible through the facile K+ migration in the K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 structure with a low activation barrier energy of ≈210 meV. These findings indicate that P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 is a promising candidate cathode material for high‐rate and long‐life KIBs.
Rationally designed P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 exhibits stable cycle life at high rates. Structural insights into the K‐ion de/intercalation mechanism is elucidated through combined theoretical and experimental studies. A single phase reaction activated by Ni4+/2+ contributes to the long term cycling stability over 500 cycles at high rates.
Herein, Ag-ZnO core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) with enhanced photocatalytic activity were prepared by coating Ag metal cores with ZnO semiconductor shells through atomic layer deposition (ALD). ...Instrumental analysis revealed that the ultra-thin and conformal nature of the shell allowed the core-shell NPs to simultaneously exploit the photocatalytic properties of ZnO and the plasmonic properties of Ag. In a rhodamine B photodegradation test performed under artificial sunlight, Ag-ZnO core-shell NPs exhibited better photocatalytic performance than other prepared photocatalysts, namely ZnO NPs and ALD-ZnO coated ZnO NPs. The performance enhancement was ascribed to the effect of noble metal-semiconductor heterojunctions, which increased the efficiency of electron-hole separation, i.e., the Ag core effectively captured excited electrons at the ZnO surface, which resulted in the elevated production of hydroxyl radicals from holes remaining at ZnO. A three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation of the Ag-ZnO NPs with variable shell thickness showed that ZnO shells on Ag metal cores increase the intensity of light around NPs, allowing the plasmonic cores to fully utilize incident light.
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•The ALD technology is applied to fabricate Ag-ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalyst.•Stable ZnO shell layers with wurtzite structure are deposited on Ag core particles.•Ag-ZnO shows ~2.5 to 4 times enhanced photodegradation compared with pure ZnO.•SPR effect of Ag increases photocatalytic performance of Ag-ZnO photocatalyst.•Ultra-thin ZnO shells on Ag cores increase photocatalytic performance in UV-region.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with relative skeletal muscle mass in several cross‐sectional studies. We explored the effects of relative skeletal muscle mass and ...changes in relative muscle mass over time on the development of incident NAFLD or the resolution of baseline NAFLD in a large, longitudinal, population‐based 7‐year cohort study. We included 12,624 subjects without baseline NAFLD and 2943 subjects with baseline NAFLD who underwent health check‐up examinations. A total of 10,534 subjects without baseline NAFLD and 2631 subjects with baseline NAFLD were included in analysis of changes in relative skeletal muscle mass over a year. Subjects were defined as having NAFLD by the hepatic steatosis index, a previously validated NAFLD prediction model. Relative skeletal muscle mass was presented using the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), a measure of body weight–adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass, which was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Of the 12,624 subjects without baseline NAFLD, 1864 (14.8%) developed NAFLD during the 7‐year follow‐up period. Using Cox proportional hazard analysis, compared with the lowest sex‐specific SMI tertile at baseline, the highest tertile was inversely associated with incident NAFLD (adjusted hazard ratio AHR = 0.44, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.38‐0.51) and positively associated with the resolution of baseline NAFLD (AHR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.02‐4.28). Furthermore, compared with the lowest tertile of change in SMI over a year, the highest tertile exhibited a significant beneficial association with incident NAFLD (AHR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.59‐0.82) and resolution of baseline NAFLD (AHR = 4.17, 95% CI = 1.90‐6.17) even after adjustment for baseline SMI. Conclusion: Increases in relative skeletal muscle mass over time may lead to benefits either in the development of NAFLD or the resolution of existing NAFLD.
•We propose a value-based model to explain the factors for smart speaker adoption.•Network externalities have a positive impact on the perceived benefit.•Product related variables have a positive ...impact on the perceived benefit.•Platform related variables have a stronger effect than product related variables.
The emerging market for smart speakers is growing rapidly. Unlike conventional information technology (IT) devices, smart speakers are becoming a major platform that access many types of information through a voice interface. This study examines the factors related to the adoption of smart speakers from the platform perspective. More specifically, our study investigated how the product related characteristics (e.g., functionality, design, brand, and price), platform related characteristics (e.g., perceived service availability, perceived network size, perceived complementarity) and privacy concerns affect the perceived value and intentions to adopt a smart speaker. The results indicate that platform related variables have a bigger impact on the customer adoption of the smart speaker, whereas product related variables, such as functionality, have less of an impact.
![P2‐K0.75[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 Cath...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1614-6832/small "P2‐K0.75[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 Cathode Material for High Power and Long Life Potassium‐Ion Batteries")
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