The aim of this study is the enrichment of green table olives with anthocyanins by using beetroot and black carrot in the fermentation media and to improve functional properties of fermented olives. ...For this purpose, a full factorial design was constructed by considering the fermentation time, vegetable type and vegetable concentration as processing factors. The changes in the chemical and microbiological properties of both olive and brine samples were monitored. During fermentation, while phenolic components of olives were transferred to the brine, the anthocyanins originating from the black carrot and beetroot diffused into both olive and brine samples. The total monomeric anthocyanin content of fermented olives containing 20% percent of black carrot and beetroot was 149.87 and 154.05 mg/kg respectively. Moreover, the color of olives turned as fermentation progressed. Both ANOVA results (
p <
0.05) and PCA model (R
2
= 0.99; Q
2
= 0.93) confirmed that reaction time is most important factor for the fermentation process. The sensorial analysis results indicated that the olives fermented with 20% vegetable for 10 days had been highly scored by panelists.
Purpose
Malnutrition (MN) in cancer is common but underdiagnosed. Dietitian referrals may not occur until MN is established. We investigated cancer patient characteristics (demographics, nutritional ...status, and nutrition barriers) on referral to oncology dietitians. We also examined referral practices and prevalence of missed referral opportunities.
Methods
This was a naturalistic multi-site study of clinical practice. Data from consecutive referrals were collected in inpatient and outpatient settings. Demographics, nutritional status (weight, body mass index (BMI), weight loss in the preceding 3–6 months, oral intake, nutrition barriers), referral reasons, and use of screening were recorded. Missed opportunities for earlier referral were also noted.
Results
Two hundred patients were included (60% male, 51% inpatients). Half had gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancers. The majority were on antitumor treatment. Two-thirds had lost ≥ 5% body weight. Forty percent were overweight or obese. Seventy percent had ≥ 2 nutritional barriers. Most common nutrition barriers were anorexia, nausea, and early satiety. Greater weight loss and lower food intake were associated with ≥ 2 barriers. Weight loss was the most common referral reason. Screening was used in 35%. Referrals should have occurred sooner in nearly half (45%,
n
= 89).
Conclusions
Cancer patients were referred late to a dietitian, with multiple nutritional barriers. Most referrals were for established weight loss (WL). WL may be masked by pre-existing obesity. Almost half had missed earlier referral opportunities; screening was infrequent. Over one-quarter should have been re-referred sooner. There is a clear need for clinician education. Future research should investigate the optimal timing of dietitian referral and the best nutrition screening tools for use in cancer.
SARS-CoV-2, which started in Wuhan and later affected the whole world, is the most important disease of the world today. Many ways to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus are sought to prevent the spread of this ...virus. Azithromycin and clarithromycin are considered for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has a high similarity to previous colonic diseases.
We aimed to determine whether azithromycin and clarithromycin, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein inhibitor used in the treatment of COVID-19, is effective against SARS Cov-2 in silico.
The 503 analogues of azithromycin and clarithromycin were studied to target SARS-CoV-2 the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein inhibition. Maestro program was used to compare the inhibition activities of these analogues. A detailed comparison was made using the numerical value of many parameters obtained. ADME / T properties were then examined to determine the effects and reactions of analogues on human metabolism. In this study, the SARS-CoV2 virus is 6NUR and 6NUS, which is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein. Among these proteins, the best inhibitor among the 503 analogues according to the docking score parameter was 9851445 with a great difference. This analogue was an analogue of azithromycin (Tab. 3, Fig. 6, Ref. 58).
Although good progress was made by two international benchmark exercises on in-plane permeability, existing methods have not yet been standardized. This paper presents the results of a third ...benchmark exercise using in-plane permeability measurement, based on systems applying the radial unsaturated injection method. 19 participants using 20 systems characterized a non-crimp and a woven fabric at three different fiber volume contents, using a commercially available silicone oil as impregnating fluid. They followed a detailed characterization procedure and also completed a questionnaire on their set-up and analysis methods. Excluding outliers (2 of 20), the average coefficient of variation (cv) between the participant’s results was 32% and 44% (non-crimp and woven fabric), while the average cv for individual participants was 8% and 12%, respectively. This indicates statistically significant variations between the measurement systems. Cavity deformation was identified as a major influence, besides fluid pressure/viscosity measurement, textile variations, and data analysis.
Three multivariate calibration-prediction techniques, principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were applied to the spectrometric ...multi-component analysis of the drug containing paracetamol (PCT) and caffeine (CAF) without any separation step. The selection of variables was studied. A series of synthetic solution containing different concentrations of PCT and CAF were used to check the prediction ability of the PCR, PLS and ANN. The results obtained in this investigation strongly encourage us to apply these techniques for a routine analysis and quality control of the drug.
COVID-19 is not fully known and causes severe inflammation and cytokine storm. It has many symptoms, such as: fever, sore throat, headache, dyspnoea, and diarrhoea. Arbidol was used in the treatment ...of COVID19, which was the most critical health problem in the world. However, the desired recovery was not achieved with Arbidol. Many countries still use this drug in the treatment of COVID19.
We aimed to determine whether Arbidol, the hemagglutinin esterase inhibitor used in the treatment of COVID-19, was effective against SARS Cov-2 in silico.
The similarity between hemagglutinin and spike proteins were reported due to the fact that inhibition properties of Arbidol and its 39 analogues were examined in detail against hemagglutinin esterase and spike glycoproteins. CID 1070884 and CID 1207786 were found to be more active against hemagglutinin esterase than in Arbidol, while these compounds were inactive against spike glycoproteins. The interaction mechanism was clarified between arbidol and spike proteins. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine, lysine, and aspartic acid were found to be the headliner amino acids in the interactions between Arbidol and binding domains of spike glycoproteins in the SARS-CoV2 (Tab. 3, Fig. 8, Ref. 28).
Models such as ordinary least squares, independent component analysis, principle component analysis, partial least squares, and artificial neural networks can be found in the calibration literature. ...Linear or nonlinear methods can be used to explain the structure of the same phenomenon. Each type of model has its own advantages with respect to the other. These methods are usually grouped taxonomically, but different models can sometimes be applied to the same data set. Taxonomically, ordinary least square and artificial neural network use completely different analytical procedures but are occasionally applied to the same data set. The aim of the study of methodological superiority is to compare the residuals of models because the model with the minimum error is preferred in real analyses. Calibration models, in general, are based on deterministic and stochastic parts; in other words, the data are equal to the model + the error. Explaining a model solely using statistics such as the coefficient of determination or its related significance values is sometimes inadequate. The errors of a model, also called its residuals, must have minimum variance compared to its alternatives. Additionally, the residuals must be unpredictable, uncorrelated, and symmetric. Under these conditions, the model can be considered adequate. In this study, calibration methods were applied to the raw materials, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride hydrochloride, of a drug, as well as a sample of the drug tablet. The applied chemical procedure was fast, simple, and reproducible. The various linear and nonlinear calibration methods mentioned above were applied, and the adequacy of the calibration methods was compared according to their residuals.
Linear and nonlinear models such as ordinary least square, independent component analysis, principle component analysis, partial least square, and artificial neural network could be seen in calibration literature. Frequently, the methods taxonomically are clustered, but sometimes, different models could be applied to the same data set. The errors of any model also called residuals must have minimum variance according to its alternatives; also, residual must be unpredictable, uncorrelated, and symmetric; hence, models could be called as adequate.
► Limiting irrigation to 50% of the full requirement, or lower, reduced the animal production potential. ► The water productivity at 100% of the full water requirement was low, particularly during ...summer months. ► Water productivity of forage and meat production increased with deficit irrigation. ► Deficit irrigation at 50 and 75% of the full requirement, prior to de-stocking pastures in summer, may be a valuable practice.
Deficit irrigation can be a useful management tool to increase water productivity of forage and sheep production from pastures in water deprived areas of the world. A three year study compared sheep production from permanent sown pastures on clay–loam soil in a dry continental climate that were irrigated at four levels in Konya, Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Pastures were established in 2007 with red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and irrigated with 100 (optimum irrigation), 75, 50 or 25% of their full irrigation requirement. Established pastures were grazed rotationally by flocks of weaned lambs between 2008 and 2010. Liveweight gain was approximately 2kgha−1d−1 from the 100 and 75% irrigation treatments. However, lower levels of irrigation caused reductions (P<0.01) in liveweight gains with animals gaining less than 1kgha−1d−1 in the 25% irrigation treatment. Average total annual animal liveweight production was 498, 445, 380 and 198kgha−1 for 100, 75, 50 and 25% irrigation treatments, respectively. The water productivity of the full irrigation treatment per unit of dry matter and meat produced was low, particularly during the summer months, and it increased with deficit irrigation. Deficit irrigation between 50 and 75% of the full requirements during late spring and summer, prior to de-stocking, can provide efficient use of water when water resources are limited. The level of irrigation can be reduced further during the late summer and autumn when stocking rates and the demand for feed or energy from pastures are lower.
Objective. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), an interleukin-12 (IL-12) cytokine family member, is shown to be a potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory cytokine. Inducible regulatory T cells (Tregs) ...produce IL-35 that mediates the immune inhibitory function of Tregs. Growing evidence revealed that upregulation of IL-35 expression may play a critical role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases in various experimental autoimmunity models and vice versa. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is considered to be a Treg cell-related autoimmune disease with loss of self-tolerance.
Methods. One hundred-twenty eight subjects, newly diagnosed hypothyroid HT patients 56 overt (Group 1), 72 subclinical hypothyroid (Group 2) and 38 healthy controls (Group 3) were enrolled in the study. The levels of serum IL-35 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results. Serum IL-35 levels were lower in the HT group when compared with subclinical HT group 304.5 (834.6) pg/ml vs. 636.1 (1542.0) pg/ml, p=0.004 and control cases 304.5 (834.6) pg/ml vs. 1064.7 (2526.8) pg/ml, p<0.001. Serum IL-35 levels were inversely associated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH; rs=-0.396, p<0.001) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb; rs=-0.571, p<0.001) in whole group. Serum IL-35 were negatively associated with TSH (rs=-0.264, p=0.003) and TPOAb (rs=-0.735, p<0.001) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (Group 1 + Group 2).
Conclusion. The results suggest that IL-35 may play a role in the pathogenesis of HT.
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