Background
We recently adapted a guideline for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in children to the Egyptian health system. Adaptation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to the local ...healthcare context is a valid alternative to de novo development that can upgrade their application without enforcing a major burden on resources. The objective of this manuscript is to elucidate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CAP as well as methods used for the adaptation process to produce the 1st National Guideline for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in children in Egypt using Adapted ADAPTE method. The full process was described extensively with all three phases of set up, adaptation, and finalization. An adaptation group and an external review including clinical content experts and methodologists conducted the process.
Results
The authors adapted 10 principal categories of recommendations from three source Clinical Practice Guidelines. Recommendations incorporate; common clinical manifestations, indications for hospitalization and intensive care unit admission, indications for laboratory investigations and radiology in diagnosis, choice of empiric antibiotic therapy in the outpatient and hospitalized children with non-complicated CAP and the duration of therapy, the role of influenza antiviral therapy, follow-up anticipated response to therapy, management of non-responding pneumonia, criteria of safe discharge, and prevention of CAP. Many tools were gathered and established to improve implement ability containing two clinical algorithms for management of non-complicated CAP and for non-responding pneumonia in children, pathway for assessment of severity of CAP in primary care facilities, medication tables, simplified Arabic patient information, PowerPoint slide presentation lecture for management of CAP, and online resources.
Conclusion
The final clinical guideline supports pediatricians and related healthcare workers with evidence-based applicable guidance for managing community-acquired pneumonia in Egypt. This work demonstrated the efficiency of Adapted ADAPTE and highlighted the importance of a cooperative clinical and methodological professional group for adaptation of national guidelines.
The white sapote tree is cultivated in Egypt on a limited scale owing to its dietary fruits. For its medical and functional characteristics, different levels of dried white sapote fruit (DWSF) were ...utilized in the manufacturing of probiotic goat yoghurt drinks as a milk fat replacer, as well as yoghurt cultures of
La-5 and
Bb-11. The implications of DWSF on the rheological properties (apparent viscosity, flow behavior index, plastic viscosity, consistency coefficient, and yield stress), gross composition, color, sensory, bioactive, and microbiological properties of yoghurt drinks were studied throughout 15 days of storage at 4 °C. The addition of DWSF enhanced the bioactive compounds, water-holding capacity, sensory properties, rheological parameters, color, and bacterial growth. Furthermore, mold, yeast, and coliform were not found in any of the samples until the storage time was over. The total number of viable cells in probiotic treatments was kept at a functional level (>10
CFU/mL) for 15 days. The aggregate results showed that it is possible to generate high-quality bio-yoghurt drinks from goat milk with a delightful flavor, appearance, body & texture, and color by substituting goat milk fat with up to 75 % dried white sapote fruit. The successful creation of high-quality bio-yoghurt drinks from goat milk, enriched with DWSF, not only presents a delightful flavor, and pleasing texture but also signifies a health-conscious innovation. This research paves the way for further investigations into the integration of novel fruit-based ingredients in dairy products, offering new dimensions in the functional foods field.
Objective
To evaluate the value of serum microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) and miR‐199a as reliable noninvasive biomarkers in the diagnosis of endometriosis.
Methods
During 2015–2016, at a teaching hospital in ...Egypt, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 45 women with pelvic endometriosis and 35 women who underwent laparoscopy for pelvic pain but were not diagnosed with endometriosis. Blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) samples were collected; interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and miR‐122 and miR‐199a expression was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
The serum and PF levels of IL‐6, miR‐122, and miR‐199a were significantly higher in women with endometriosis than in controls (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Serum miR‐122 expression was positively correlated with serum IL‐6 (r=0.597), PF IL‐6 (r=0.603), PF miR‐122 (r=0.934), serum miR‐199a (r=0.727), and PF miR‐199a (r=0.653). Serum miR‐199a expression was positively correlated with serum IL‐6 (r=0.677), PF IL‐6 (r=0.678), PF miR‐122 (r=0.744), and PF miR‐199a (r=0.932). Serum miR‐122 and miR‐199a had a sensitivity of 95.6% and 100.0%, and a specificity of 91.4% and 100%, respectively, for the detection of endometriosis.
Conclusion
Serum miR‐122 and miR‐199a were significantly increased in endometriosis, indicating that these microRNAs might serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis.
Serum miR‐122 and miR‐199a are significantly increased in women with endometriosis and these microRNAs have a strong potential to act as biomarkers to diagnose endometriosis.
Spirulina platensis, a microalga known for its exceptional nutritional value, especially its bioactive compounds and protein content, holds promise for incorporation into functional food products. ...Ricotta cheese whey is a byproduct of the production of ricotta cheese that is difficult to use in industries due to its low pH and less favorable processing qualities. This research aimed to create a unique fermented ricotta cheese whey-based beverage supplemented with various Spirulina powder concentrations (0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 0.75 % w/w) cooperated with a mixture of lemon and peppermint juice 10 % and fermented by probiotic (ABT) culture. The physicochemical, rheological, bioactive compounds, microbiological, and sensory properties were evaluated over a storage period of 21 days at cold storage. Spirulina-fermented whey-based beverages with a mixture of lemon and peppermint juice increased the concentration of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and total phenolic compounds in the final product. The count of probiotic bacteria in all fermented beverage samples exceeded 7 log CFU/mL throughout storage, indicating that the fermented beverage kept its probiotic properties. The addition of 0.5 % Spirulina significantly improved the final product's structural qualities and sensory acceptance.
•The addition of 0.5 % Spirulina significantly improved the final product's structural qualities and sensory acceptance.•The count of probiotic bacteria in all fermented beverage samples exceeded 7 log CFU/mL throughout storage•Spirulina acts as a substance utilized for sustaining the textural quality, sensory characteristics, and improving rheological properties of products.
This study evaluated the efficacy of live and inactivated conventional GII LaSota and recombinant GVII Newcastle disease vaccines in commercial broilers. The experimental groups (G2–G7) were ...vaccinated on day 7 and day 21 of age with live vaccines from the same vaccine type “GII LaSota, GVII vaccine (A), GVII vaccine (B)” via eye drop; however, G3, G5, and G7 received a single dose from inactivated counterpart vaccines subcutaneously on day 7 of age. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated based on elicited humoral immunity, clinical protection, and reduction in virus shedding after challenge with virulent GVII 1.1. strain. Results demonstrated that live and inactivated recombinant GVII vaccine based on VG/GA strain backbone elicited superior protection parameters (100% protection). Although the conventional GII LaSota live and inactivated vaccination regime protected 93.3% of vaccinated birds, the virus shedding continued until 10 DPC. The post-vaccination serological monitoring was consistent with protection results. The study concludes that conventional GII ND vaccines alone are probably insufficient due to the current epidemiology of the GVII 1.1 NDV strains. Our findings further support that protection induced by recombinant GVII 1.1. ND vaccines are superior. Interestingly, the efficacy of recombinant ND vaccines seemed to be influenced by the backbone virus since the VG/GA backbone-based vaccine provided better protection and reduced virus shedding.
In this study, the protective efficacy of an
live attenuated vaccine was compared to the preventive administration of lectin preparation before the challenge. Two hundred broiler chicks were divided ...into eight equal groups. The first group was used as a negative control group. Three groups were vaccinated at day 1 with the avian colibacillosis live vaccine of which one group served as a vaccinated nonchallenged group. Another two groups were treated with lectin product (0.5 mL/L drinking water) for three days before the challenge. The last two groups served as challenge control for either
O
or O
strains. The challenge was conducted at three weeks of age with either homologous O
or heterologous O
strains, using 0.5 mL/bird of each avian pathogenic
(APEC) strain (~10
colony forming units "CFU"/mL)/subcutaneously. The bodyweight and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated for four weeks. Clinical signs and gross and histopathological lesions were scored at two and seven days post inoculation (dpi). The heart and liver of euthanized chickens at 2 dpi were removed aseptically and homogenized to evaluate pathogenic
colonization. Results showed that live avian colibacillosis vaccine reduced mortalities and APEC colonization in the homologous challenge group but not in the heterologous challenge group. Lectin-treated groups showed 20% and 16% mortality after challenge with
O
and O
, respectively, and both groups showed performance parameters, clinical signs, and histopathological lesion scores comparable to the negative control group, with variable
colonization of heart and liver. The study demonstrated the efficacy of live attenuated avian colibacillosis vaccine against homologous but not heterologous APEC challenge in broiler chickens. The lectin-containing products can be used as a preventive medication to reduce the clinical impacts of colibacillosis regardless of the challenge strain. Standardization of the evaluation parameters for APEC vaccines is recommended.
A series of azaphthalocyanines (AzaPcs) substituted with peripheral 2,6-dihalogenated (Cl, Br or I) phenoxyl groups containing different central ions 2H+, Zn (II), Mg (II) or In (III) were ...synthesized and their structural characterization were confirmed. Non-aggregation behavior exhibited by all the prepared complexes was perfectly achieved as confirmed by single crystal analyses due to the bulkiness of their peripheral substituents. Based on physicochemical analyses including fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields, heavy metal effects were determined, and consequently, the highest singlet oxygen was recorded by the indium complex bearing iodine atoms (AzaPc12). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) results revealed that the investigated azaphthalocyanine molecules pronouncedly retarded the mild steel corrosion in the acidic media by adsorbing at the metal/electrolyte interface. Theoretical DFT and molecular dynamic simulation studies supported the experimental results with the best inhibition efficiency achieved with AzaPc12. Surface morphology of mild-steel was examined by AFM and SEM techniques. The results proved the strong adsorption of AzaPc12 on the steel surface, forming a protective film which consistent with the electrochemical and theoretical results. The findings of this research obviously show a simple approach to the manufacture of phthalocyanine-derivatives that can find significant industrial application in metal corrosion suppression.
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•Novel series of azaphthalocyanines (AzaPcs) were successfully synthesized.•X-ray single crystal structures were determined.•Efficient protection of mild-steel from corrosion in acidic medium using AzaPcs was achieved.•Theoretical quantum chemical calculations validate the experimental findings.•The electrochemical and SEM/AFM techniques confirmed the mild-steel protection.
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the extra intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Previous studies showed that O1, O2 and O78 serotypes are mostly associated with Colibacillosis ...outbreaks, but recently there are emergent new pathogenic serotypes that have spread worldwide. Wide antigenic diversity exists among APEC strains in Egypt; however, the involvement of a particular O serotype in the infection process appears to vary with the geographical region. Different virulence genes have been identified in APEC. Recently; the presence of these virulence genes is being employed as an indication of pathogenicity, rather than the tedious E. coli serotyping methods. In Egypt; several virulence genes were studied, and were found to be different based on the geographical area. However; all studies were limited to a small number of screened virulence genes, in addition to the inconsistency of these screened genes. To control APEC, antibiotics have been used for decades; however the emergence of multi-drug resistant E. coli, and the difficulty of discovering new antimicrobial therapies made vaccine the best choice to control E. coli infections in poultry farms. In this review, the various aspects of APEC infection in poultry with special focus on the epidemiology of APEC in Egypt in relation to virulence traits were discussed. In addition, the most recent vaccination trials against the APEC diseases in poultry were discussed. We concluded that the virulence gene patterns of APEC can be considered as molecular markers of pathogenicity. Although of their current limitations, some vaccine trials showed promising results as good alternative to control colibacillosis in poultry.
Background: Unexplained infertility is a rising problem and endometrial manipulation could be one of the solutions for enhancing the pregnancy rate and live birth rate in such circumstances.
Aims: To ...evaluate the influence of local endometrial physical manipulation with specializd method for endometrial and tubal hydration (Elgazzar and Alalfy technique) on ICSI outcome and in increasing chemical, clinical, and live birth rate in ICSI after previous recurrent ICSI failure in patients with unexplained infertility.
Results: When comparing group 1 (hydrotubation group) and group 2 (the control group with no intervention) with regards to the biochemical, clinical, and live birth rate, the hydrotubation group revealed higher rates and a better ICSI outcome.
Conclusion: Hydrotubation is useful in increasing biochemical, clinical, and live birth rates after recurrent failed ICSI trials with a specialized method for hydration of endometrium and tubes (Elgazzar and Alalfy technique).
The small-scale and backyard-raised poultry are extensively growing in Egypt. However, low biosecurity and/or vaccination practices are adopted. The current study was conducted to investigate and ...molecularly characterize Newcastle Disease (ND) strains circulating in small-scale and backyard poultry sectors in Giza governorate in Egypt from July 2018 to April 2020. Twelve broiler flocks (6 commercial and 6 backyard flocks) suffering from respiratory and/or nervous signs were included. Virus isolation and molecular characterization were conducted. The isolated viruses maintained the multi-basic motif 112RRQKR|F117 in the fusion protein cleavage site, indicating their virulent nature. Phylogenetically, the viruses are closely related to genotype VII.1.1. ND viruses and are genetically different from NDV genotype II vaccine strains. Deduced amino acid sequences of the fusion (F) protein showed an amino acid change of S278P in the heptad repeat (HRb) in the two NDV isolates from commercial farms. Other amino acid substitutions were observed, including the change at positions 442 (A/T) in the two commercial flocks isolates and position 317 (A/S) in the backyard ND isolate. Few silent nucleotide mutations were also observed in the F protein of the NDV isolate from the backyard flock. In conclusion, the current study reports the genetic identification of virulent NDV viruses from commercial or backyard flocks related to genotype VII.1.1. ND circulating in Egypt. The amino acid substitutions and nucleotide changes warrant the need for continuous surveillance of NDV in these growing poultry sectors considering their importance as a spot for extensive NDV circulation and as the main source for live bird markets in Egypt.
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