This article shows the follow-up of several cases of maxillary sinusitis of dental (usually endodontic) origin, with different manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and outcomes.Cases from 14 ...patients from 3 countries and treated by 7 different endodontists are presented, all of them with inflammatory sinus changes represented by mucositis, osteoperiostitis, and/or partial/full obstruction. All cases showed dental and/or sinus signs/symptoms that resolved after dental management. In 13 cases, the sinus condition had an endodontic origin, 4 of them concurrently with periodontal involvement. In 1 case, sinusitis was caused by trauma to the face. All cases but 1 had a satisfactory response of the periradicular tissues and maxillary sinus to treatment that consisted of root canal therapy, root amputation, extraction, or trauma management.The successful management of most cases reported in this article emphasizes the importance of endodontics as a specialty engaged in saving teeth and promoting health not only in the oral cavity but also in other areas that may be affected by infections of endodontic origin, including the maxillary sinus.
As the population and economic activities increase, energy demand will increase significantly too. In the near future, Indonesia will have more limitations on fossil fuel based energy. Therefore, ...sources of renewable energy have to be found. On the other hand, rural areas in Indonesia suffer from lack of energy supply. Therefore, energy resilient villages need to be created. Kampung Areng in Cibodas Village, Lembang sub-district is one of the locations declared as an energy resilient village. This study focused on Kampung Areng due to previous information and studies that have shown that the farmers in this area are capable of generating renewable energy through conversion of animal waste using biogas digesters. Biogas adoption was also initiated due to the issue of Cikapundung river pollution. Some people pointed their finger at Kampung Areng as the upstream source of this pollution due to irresponsible handling of animal waste. Thus, the idea emerged that biogas digester adoption in this area could solve the waste management issue while providing an alternative energy source for the community. In this paper, the authors aimed to identify the benefit and impact of biogas adoption in Cibodas Village, particularly regarding waste management.
Based on the crunch model, the root causes of vulnerability to disasters include political, natural, economic, and social aspects. To target these root causes, there needs to be a focus on developing ...education as it plays an important role in increasing the capacity of an individual and a community. The Indonesian has prioritized the development of education and even allocated about 20 percent of its spending. In addition, the government has a social protection program that also affects the education, particularly for children namely Indonesia Smart Program ("Program Indonesia Pintar"). For this paper, Cianjur Regency was chosen as a case study for several reasons. First, Cianjur is the regency most vulnerable to disasters in West Java, particularly of floods and landslides. Second, Cianjur is one of the regencies in West Java with many social problems. The objective of this paper is to analyse the role of the Indonesia Smart Program in increasing the capacity of children to strengthen disaster resilience in Cianjur Regency. The PIP faces many challenges particularly in Cianjur Regency such as the accessibility of the beneficiaries to get the financial aid and the monitoring aspect of utilization of the money. The Indonesia Smart Program has an indirect effect in increasing the capacity of children in general. However, the effect of increasing the capacity of children in disaster risk reduction is relatively limited and indirect.
Ball screws are robust and economic linear positioning systems that are widely employed in high speed and high precision machines. Due to precision and stability requirements, the preload force has ...been considered one of the main parameters in order to define the axial rigidity and the maximum axial load capacity of ball screw feed drives. In high speed motions, thermal effects are also considerably relevant regarding positioning precision and dynamic stability of the machine. The temperature increase and the thermal gradient between the screw, the balls and the nuts led to a variation in the contact geometry and consequently in the preload force. This paper presents an experimental analysis of the preload variation due to the temperature increase. The study has been performed for several initial preload forces and linear speeds in a preloaded double nut ball screw. The heating of the system results in a decrease of the preload force, where a maximum decrease of 60 % has been observed for a temperature increase of 28 K in the test bed of the study. Regarding the consequences of the loss of rigidity, the first eigenvalue decreased by only 5 % for a preload drop of 33 %.
Diet composition and its ecological drivers are rarely investigated in coexisting closely related species. We used a molecular approach to characterize the seasonal variation in diet composition in ...four spiny lizard species inhabiting a mountainous ecosystem. DNA metabarcoding revealed that the lizards Sceloporus aeneus, S. bicanthalis, S. grammicus, and S. spinosus mostly consumed arthropods of the orders Hemiptera, Araneae, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. The terrestrial lizards S. aeneus and S. bicanthalis mostly predated ants and spiders, whereas the arboreal–saxicolous S. grammicus and saxicolous S. spinosus largely consumed grasshoppers and leafhoppers. The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the prey was higher during the dry season than the rainy season, likely because reduced prey availability in the dry season forced lizards to diversify their diets to meet their nutritional demands. Dietary and phylogenetic composition varied seasonally depending on the species, but only dietary composition varied with altitude. Seasonal dietary turnover was greater in S. spinosus than in S. bicanthalis, suggesting site‐specific seasonal variability in prey availability; no other differences among species were observed. S. bicanthalis, which lives at the highest altitude in our study site, displayed interseasonal variation in diet breadth. Dietary differences were correlated with the species’ feeding strategies and elevational distribution, which likely contributed to the coexistence of these lizard species in the studied geographic area and beyond.
By applying DNA metabarcoding approach, we explored the seasonal diet variation among four Sceloporus lizard species (S. aeneus, S. bicanthalis, S. grammicus, and S. spinosus) inhabiting a mountainous region in central Mexico. Our results demonstrated that these species are generalist predators feeding on different arthropod orders such as Coleoptera, Araneae, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. More importantly, taxonomic and phylogenetic richness of prey ingested was higher during the dry season compared to the rainy season. This finding probably implies that there is a greater abundance of food resources during the rainy season, which induces a homogeneous diet and reduces dietary diversity among lizard species.
ABSTRACT
We present new Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 m spectroscopic observations of the ∼88 GHz band, including emission from the
multiplet, HCN (
,
, and
, for a sample of 58 ...local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies from the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey (GOALS). By combining our new IRAM data with literature data and
Spitzer
/IRS spectroscopy, we study the correspondence between these putative tracers of dense gas and the relative contribution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star formation to the mid-infrared luminosity of each system. We find the HCN (1–0) emission to be enhanced in AGN-dominated systems (
/
), compared to composite and starburst-dominated systems (
/
and 0.88, respectively). However, some composite and starburst systems have
/
ratios comparable to those of AGNs, indicating that enhanced HCN emission is not uniquely associated with energetically dominant AGNs. After removing AGN-dominated systems from the sample, we find a linear relationship (within the uncertainties) between log
10
(
) and log
10
(
L
IR
), consistent with most previous findings.
/
L
IR
, typically interpreted as the dense-gas depletion time, appears to have no systematic trend with
L
IR
for our sample of luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies, and has significant scatter. The galaxy-integrated
and
emission do not appear to have a simple interpretation in terms of the AGN dominance or the star formation rate, and are likely determined by multiple processes, including density and radiative effects.
We present IRAM-30 m Telescope 12CO and 13CO observations of a sample of 55 luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) in the local universe. This sample is a subset of the Great ...Observatory All-Sky LIRG Survey (GOALS), for which we use ancillary multi-wavelength data to better understand their interstellar medium and star formation properties. Fifty-three (96%) of the galaxies are detected in 12CO, and 29 (52%) are also detected in 13CO above a 3σ level. The median full width at zero intensity (FWZI) velocity of the CO line emission is 661 km s−1, and ∼54% of the galaxies show a multi-peak CO profile. Herschel photometric data is used to construct the far-IR spectral energy distribution of each galaxy, which are fit with a modified blackbody model that allows us to derive dust temperatures and masses, and infrared luminosities. We make the assumption that the gas-to-dust mass ratio of (U)LIRGs is comparable to local spiral galaxies with a similar stellar mass (i.e., gas/dust of mergers is comparable to their progenitors) to derive a CO-to-H2 conversion factor of ⟨α⟩ = 1.8−0.8+1.3 M⊙ ⟨ α ⟩ = 1 . 8 − 0.8 + 1.3 M ⊙ $ \langle\alpha\rangle=1.8^{+1.3}_{-0.8}\,M_\odot $ (K km s−1 pc2)−1; such a value is comparable to that derived for (U)LIRGs based on dynamical mass arguments. We derive gas depletion times of 400 − 600 Myr for the (U)LIRGs, compared to the 1.3 Gyr for local spiral galaxies. Finally, we re-examine the relationship between the 12CO/13CO ratio and dust temperature, confirming a transition to elevated ratios in warmer systems.
ABSTRACT
Multiwavelength studies indicate that nuclear activity and bulge properties are closely related, but the details remain unclear. To study this further, we combine Hubble Space Telescope ...bulge structural and photometric properties with 1.5 GHz, e-MERLIN nuclear radio continuum data from the LeMMINGs survey for a large sample of 173 ‘active’ galaxies (LINERs and Seyferts) and ‘inactive’ galaxies (H iis and absorption line galaxies, ALGs). Dividing our sample into active and inactive, they define distinct (radio core luminosity)–(bulge mass), $L_{\rm R,core}-M_{*, \rm bulge}$ , relations, with a mass turnover at $M_{*, \rm bulge}\sim 10^{9.8 \pm 0.3} \rm { M_{\odot }}$ (supermassive blackhole mass $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{6.8 \pm 0.3} \rm M_{\odot }$ ), which marks the transition from AGN-dominated nuclear radio emission in more massive bulges to that mainly driven by stellar processes in low-mass bulges. None of our 10/173 bulge-less galaxies host an AGN. The AGN fraction increases with increasing $M_{*,\rm bulge}$ such that $f_{\rm optical\_AGN}\propto M_{*,\rm bulge}^{0.24 \pm 0.06}$ and $f_{\rm radio\_AGN}\propto M_{*,\rm bulge}^{0.24 \pm 0.05}$ . Between $M_{*,\rm bulge}\sim 10^{8.5}$ and $10^{11.3} \rm M_{\odot }$ , $f_{\rm optical\_AGN}$ steadily rises from 15 ± 4 to 80 ± 5 per cent. We find that at fixed bulge mass, the radio loudness, nuclear radio activity, and the (optical and radio) AGN fraction exhibit no dependence on environment. Radio-loud hosts preferentially possess an early-type morphology than radio-quiet hosts, the two types are however indistinguishable in terms of bulge Sérsic index and ellipticity, while results on the bulge inner logarithmic profile slope are inconclusive. We finally discuss the importance of bulge mass in determining the AGN triggering processes, including potential implications for the nuclear radio emission in nearby galaxies.
Aims. We investigate the molecular gas properties of a sample of 23 galaxies in order to find and test chemical signatures of galaxy evolution and to compare them to IR evolutionary tracers. Methods. ...Observation at 3 mm wavelengths were obtained with the EMIR broadband receiver, mounted on the IRAM 30 m telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain. We compare the emission of the main molecular species with existing models of chemical evolution by means of line intensity ratios diagrams and principal component analysis. Results. We detect molecular emission in 19 galaxies in two 8 GHz-wide bands centred at 88 and 112 GHz. The main detected molecules are CO, (CO)-C-13, HCN, HNC, HCO+, CN, and C2H. We also detect HC3N J = 10-9 in the galaxies IRAS 17208, IC 860, NGC 4418, NGC 7771, and NGC 1068. The only HC3N detections are in objects with HCO+/HCN 0.8). The brightest HC3N emission is found in IC 860, where we also detect the molecule in its vibrationally excited state. We find low HNC/HCN line ratios (
Abstract
We present the first data release of high-resolution (≤0.2 arcsec) 1.5-GHz radio images of 103 nearby galaxies from the Palomar sample, observed with the eMERLIN array, as part of the ...LeMMINGs survey. This sample includes galaxies which are active (low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions LINER and Seyfert) and quiescent (H ii galaxies and absorption line galaxies, ALGs), which are reclassified based upon revised emission-line diagrams. We detect radio emission ≳0.2 mJy for 47/103 galaxies (22/34 for LINERS, 4/4 for Seyferts, 16/51 for H ii galaxies, and 5/14 for ALGs) with radio sizes typically of ≲100 pc. We identify the radio core position within the radio structures for 41 sources. Half of the sample shows jetted morphologies. The remaining half shows single radio cores or complex morphologies. LINERs show radio structures more core-brightened than Seyferts. Radio luminosities of the sample range from 1032 to 1040 erg s−1: LINERs and H ii galaxies show the highest and lowest radio powers, respectively, while ALGs and Seyferts have intermediate luminosities. We find that radio core luminosities correlate with black hole (BH) mass down to ∼107 M⊙, but a break emerges at lower masses. Using O iii line luminosity as a proxy for the accretion luminosity, active nuclei and jetted H ii galaxies follow an optical Fundamental Plane of BH activity, suggesting a common disc–jet relationship. In conclusion, LINER nuclei are the scaled-down version of FR I radio galaxies; Seyferts show less collimated jets; H ii galaxies may host weak active BHs and/or nuclear star-forming cores; and recurrent BH activity may account for ALG properties.
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