Knowledge of which physical activity programs are most effective for older adults in different sub-populations and contexts is limited. The objectives of this rapid review were to: 1) Overview ...evidence evaluating physical activity programs/services for older adults; and 2) Describe impact on physical activity, falls, intrinsic capacity (physical domain), functional ability (physical, social, and cognitive/emotional domains), and quality of life. We conducted a rapid review of primary studies from 350 systematic reviews identified in a previous scoping review (March 2021: PEDro, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database). For Objective 1, we included intervention studies investigating physical activity programs/services in adults greater than or equal to 60 years. Of these, we included good quality (greater than or equal to 6/10 PEDro scale) randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with greater than or equal to 50 participants per group in Objective 2. Evidence supporting physical activity for older adults is positive. We outline which activity types are most effective in different populations and settings.
Physical activity mass media campaigns can deliver physical activity messages to many people, but it remains unclear whether they offer good value for money. We aimed to investigate the ...cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and costs of physical activity mass media campaigns. A search for economic evaluations (trial- or model-based) and costing studies of physical activity mass media campaigns was performed in six electronic databases (June/2021). The authors reviewed studies independently. A GRADE style rating was used to assess the overall certainty of each modelled economic evaluation. Results were summarised via narrative synthesis. Twenty-five studies (five model-based economic evaluations and 20 costing studies) were included, and all were conducted in high-income countries except for one costing study that was conducted in a middle-income country. The methods and assumptions used in the model-based analyses were highly heterogeneous and the results varied, ranging from the intervention being more effective and less costly (dominant) in two models to an incremental cost of US$130,740 (2020 base year) per QALY gained. The level of certainty of the models ranged from very low (n = 2) to low (n = 3). Overall, intervention costs were poorly reported. There are few economic evaluations of physical activity mass media campaigns available. The level of certainty of the models was judged to be very low to low, indicating that we have very little to little confidence that the results are reliable for decision making. Therefore, it remains unclear to what extent physical activity mass media campaigns offer good value for money. Future economic evaluations should consider selecting appropriate and comprehensive measures of campaign effectiveness, clearly report the assumptions of the models and fully explore the impact of assumptions in the results.
Este estudo tem como objetivo geral caracterizar a epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em unidade de treinamento militar, localizada no Estado de Pernambuco. Entre 2002 e 2003, vinte e ...três casos foram diagnosticados através de exame clínico, detecção do parasita e teste de intradermoarreação de Montenegro. Sete amostras de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis foram isoladas destes pacientes, identificadas através de reações com anticorpos monoclonais específicos e perfil eletroforético com isoenzimas. Um inquérito epidemiológico de prevalência da infecção por IDRM foi realizado na população que realizou treinamento neste período, no qual foi identificada uma prevalência de 25,3% de infecção. Os dados obtidos, associados com achados prévios nesta área, apresentam evidências da manutenção de um ciclo enzoótico, com a ocorrência de surtos periódicos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana posteriormente à realização de treinamentos nas áreas de floresta Atlântica remanescente.
The aim of work was to study the epidemiology of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in a military training unit situated in Zona da Mata region of Pernambuco State. Between 2002 and 2003 twenty-three ...cases were notified by clinical exam, detection and/or isolation of parasite and Montenegro skin test. Seven stocks of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were obtained from patients, identified by a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies and isoenzymatic electrophoresis profiles. An epidemiologic survey on prevalence of infection was carried out by Montenegro skin test in the population that underwent training activities during the same period, out of which 25.3% were identified as positive. These results in association with previous data from this area, shows the maintenance of a primary transmission cycle and the occurrence of periodical outbreaks after training activities in local areas of remnant Atlantic rain forest.
Este estudo tem como objetivo geral caracterizar a epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em unidade de treinamento militar, localizada no Estado de Pernambuco. Entre 2002 e 2003, vinte e ...três casos foram diagnosticados através de exame clínico, detecção do parasita e teste de intradermoarreação de Montenegro. Sete amostras de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis foram isoladas destes pacientes, identificadas através de reações com anticorpos monoclonais específicos e perfil eletroforético com isoenzimas. Um inquérito epidemiológico de prevalência da infecção por IDRM foi realizado na população que realizou treinamento neste período, no qual foi identificada uma prevalência de 25,3% de infecção. Os dados obtidos, associados com achados prévios nesta área, apresentam evidências da manutenção de um ciclo enzoótico, com a ocorrência de surtos periódicos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana posteriormente à realização de treinamentos nas áreas de floresta Atlântica remanescente.
The aim of work was to study the epidemiology of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in a military training unit situated in Zona da Mata region of Pernambuco State. Between 2002 and 2003 twenty-three cases were notified by clinical exam, detection and/or isolation of parasite and Montenegro skin test. Seven stocks of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were obtained from patients, identified by a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies and isoenzymatic electrophoresis profiles. An epidemiologic survey on prevalence of infection was carried out by Montenegro skin test in the population that underwent training activities during the same period, out of which 25.3% were identified as positive. These results in association with previous data from this area, shows the maintenance of a primary transmission cycle and the occurrence of periodical outbreaks after training activities in local areas of remnant Atlantic rain forest.
Purpose
Recent studies have demonstrated that obesity is significantly associated with increased disease severity, hospitalizations and mortality in COVID-19, with a potential role in the ...pathogenesis and prevalence in the new pandemic. The association with hepatic steatosis, however, a condition closely related to obesity within the spectrum of systemic metabolic dysfunctions, remains to be elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of hepatic steatosis as incidentally detected in chest CT examinations of COVID-19 positive patients in comparison to non-infected controls.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed with 316 patients (204 RT-PCR positive; 112 RT-PCR negative and chest CT negative). Steatosis was measured with placement of a single ROI in the right lobe of the liver (segments VI-VII) and defined as a liver attenuation value ≤ 40 HU.
Results
The frequency of hepatic steatosis was higher in the RT-PCR positive group in comparison to controls (31.9% vs. 7.1%,
p
< 0.001). Logistic linear regression analysis showed a 4.7 times odds of steatosis in the COVID-19 positive group as compared to controls after adjusting for age and sex (OR 4.698; 95% IC 2.12–10.41,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
A significantly higher prevalence of steatosis was found among COVID-19 positive individuals. These findings are in accordance with other recent studies linking obesity and COVID-19 infection, as there is an intricate relationship between liver steatosis, metabolic syndrome and obesity. Further studies are required to confirm if such association remains after accounting for multiple variables, as well as possible relationships with disease severity and worst clinical outcomes.
•The advancement of drug repurposing (DR) relies on scientific leadership and innovative institutions with access to knowledge.•A bibliometric review and a social network analysis were used to map ...the trends in DR research and to identify innovation and knowledge leaders (IKLs).•Most active countries, research trends, and major funders, as well as the global research network, were mapped.•Using a combination of network centrality metrics, 41 IKLs affiliated to central and pericentral institutions in the global research network were identified.
The advancement of drug repurposing (DR) relies on scientific leadership and innovative institutions with access to knowledge. We performed a bibliometric and social network analysis (covering the period 2011–2020) to map the DR research trends and to identify innovation and knowledge leaders (IKLs). The indexing rate of DR publications has steadily increased. Major research areas included emerging viruses, cancer, methodological approaches, preclinical research, and infectious diseases. Government and academia accounted for nearly 65% of funding. Using a combination of network centrality metrics, 41 IKLs affiliated to central and pericentral institutions in the global research network were identified. These IKLs can facilitate the flow of knowledge and are best positioned to promote interactions within the network, with the potential to contribute significantly to advancing the DR field.
Photosensitization of in vitro biofilms formed on denture base resin Matthes de Freitas-Pontes, Karina, PhD; Gomes, Carlos Eduardo de Albuquerque, DDS; de Carvalho, Bruna Marjorie Dias Frota, DDS ...
The Journal of prosthetic dentistry,
09/2014, Letnik:
112, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Statement of problem Proper sterilization or disinfection of removable prostheses and surgical guides has been problematic in dental practice because of the absence of simple and low-cost techniques ...that do not cause damage to acrylic resins. Purpose The purpose of this study was to study the effect of photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans biofilms formed on acrylic resin specimens. Material and methods The specimens were sterilized in ethylene oxide gas and submitted to in vitro biofilm growth. The photodynamic therapy consisted of the application of 0.05% methylene blue (P+) conjugated to irradiation with a light-emitting-diode of 630 nm and 150 mW (L+). The specimens were randomly divided into groups (n=5): negative control (P-L-); stained and irradiated at 10 J/cm2 (P+L+ 10); stained and irradiated at 30 J/cm2 (P+L+ 30); stained and not irradiated (P+L-); not stained and irradiated at 10 J/cm2 (P-L+ 10); not stained and irradiated at 30 J/cm2 (P-L+ 30); and gold standard (GS), sterilized. Afterward, the specimens were submitted to contact with culture medium agar for 10 minutes in petri plates, which were incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. The number of colony-forming units was obtained, and the data were expressed according to scores (1=0; 2=1-10; 3=11-100; 4=101-1000) and analyzed by the Friedman and Dunn tests (α=.05). Results Streptococcus mutans was sensitized by (P+L-); P aeruginosa and C albicans were also sensitized by the dye but showed a slight microbial reduction with (P+L+ 30), as did S aureus ( P >.05) ; E coli presented an initial score of 3 and achieved a bacterial reduction to score 2 with (P+L+ 30) ( P =.039). Conclusions Photodynamic therapy was effective in reducing E coli counts on biofilms formed on acrylic resin specimens. The inhibition of microorganism growth tended to be directly proportional to the amount of energy provided by the light-emitting diode.
Objectives
To assess the correlation between the burden of seven priority neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) included in the Brazilian National Agenda of Priorities in Health Research – tuberculosis, ...Chagas disease, leprosy, malaria, leishmaniasis, dengue and schistosomiasis – and their respective research funding and output.
Methods
This retrospective review obtained data on disease burden from the Global Burden of Disease Study and funding data from open access sources. Publications were retrieved from Scopus and SciELO, and characterised according to the type of research conducted. Correlation between funding, research output and burden was assessed by comparing the 'expected' and 'observed' values for funding and publications relative to the proportional burden for each disease.
Results
There was an emphasis in basic biomedical research (average 30% of publications) and a shortage of health policy and systems (average 7%) and social sciences research (average 3%). Research output and funding were poorly correlated with disease burden. Tuberculosis, Chagas disease and schistosomiasis accounted for more than 75% of total NTD‐related DALYs, but accounted for only 34% of publications. Leprosy, leishmaniasis and malaria, together, received 49% of NTD‐related funding despite being responsible for only 9% of DALYs.
Conclusions
The analysis evidenced a lack of correlation between disease burden, research output and government funding for priority NTDs in Brazil. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring health needs, research investments and outputs to inform policy and optimise the uptake of evidence for action, particularly in developing countries, where resources are scarce and the research capacity is limited. The results contribute to health policy by highlighting the need for improving coordination of scientific activities and public health needs for effective impact.
ObjectifsEvaluer la corrélation entre la charge de sept maladies tropicales négligées (MTN) prioritaires incluses dans le programme national brésilien des priorités en matière de recherche en santé ‐ tuberculose, maladie de Chagas, lèpre, paludisme, leishmaniose, dengue et schistosomiase ‐ et leurs financements de recherche respectifs et les résultats.
MéthodesCette revue rétrospective a obtenu des données sur la charge de morbidité de l'étude sur la Charge Globale des Maladies et des données de financement provenant de sources en accès publique. Les publications ont été extraites de Scopus et SciELO et caractérisées selon le type de recherche menée. La corrélation entre le financement, les résultats de la recherche et la charge a été évaluée en comparant les valeurs “attendues” et “observées” pour le financement et les publications par rapport à la charge proportionnel de chaque maladie.
RésultatsL'accent a été mis sur la recherche biomédicale fondamentale (en moyenne 30% des publications) et une pénurie de politiques et de systèmes de santé (en moyenne 7%) et de recherche en sciences sociales (en moyenne 3%). Les résultats et le financement de la recherche étaient mal associés à la charge de morbidité. La tuberculose, la maladie de Chagas et la schistosomiase représentaient plus de 75% du total des EVCI, mais ne représentaient que 34% des publications. La lèpre, la leishmaniose et le paludisme, ensemble, ont reçu 49% des financements liés aux MTN alors qu'ils n'étaient responsables que de 9% des EVCI.
ConclusionsL’analyse a mis en évidence une absence de corrélation entre la charge de morbidité, le résultat de la recherche et le financement de la plupart des MTN. Nos résultats soulignent l'importance du suivi des besoins en matière de santé, des investissements dans la recherche et des résultats pour éclairer les politiques et optimiser l'utilisation des données pour l'action, en particulier dans les pays en développement, où les ressources sont rares et la capacité de recherche est limitée. Les résultats contribuent à la politique de santé en soulignant la nécessité d'améliorer la coordination et la planification stratégique des activités scientifiques pour un impact efficace.
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