Cyber resilience has become a major concern for both academia and industry due to the increasing number of data breaches caused by the expanding attack surface of existing IT infrastructure. Cyber ...resilience refers to an organisation’s ability to prepare for, absorb, recover from, and adapt to adverse effects typically caused by cyber-attacks that affect business operations. In this survey, we aim to identify the significant domains of cyber resilience and measure their effectiveness. We have selected these domains based on a literature review of frameworks, strategies, applications, tools, and technologies. We have outlined the cyber resilience requirements for each domain and explored solutions related to each requirement in detail. We have also compared and analysed different studies in each domain to find other ways of enhancing cyber resilience. Furthermore, we have compared cyber resilience frameworks and strategies based on technical requirements for various applications. We have also elaborated on techniques for improving cyber resilience. In the supplementary section, we have presented applications that have implemented cyber resilience. This survey comprehensively compares various popular cyber resilience tools to help researchers, practitioners, and organisations choose the best practices for enhancing cyber resilience. Finally, we have shared key findings, limitations, problems, and future directions.
Cyber resilience quantification is the process of evaluating and measuring an organisation’s ability to withstand, adapt to, and recover from cyber-attacks. It involves estimating IT systems, ...networks, and response strategies to ensure robust defence and effective recovery mechanisms in the event of a cyber-attack. Quantifying cyber resilience can be difficult due to the constantly changing components of IT infrastructure. Traditional methods like vulnerability assessments and penetration testing may not be effective. Measuring cyber resilience is essential to evaluate and strengthen an organisation’s preparedness against evolving cyber-attacks. It helps identify weaknesses, allocate resources, and ensure the uninterrupted operation of critical systems and information. There are various methods for measuring cyber resilience, such as evaluating, teaming and testing, and creating simulated models. This article proposes a cyber resilience quantification framework for IT infrastructure that utilises a simulation approach. This approach enables organisations to simulate different attack scenarios, identify vulnerabilities, and improve their cyber resilience. The comparative analysis of cyber resilience factors highlights pre-configuration’s robust planning and adaptation (61.44%), buffering supported’s initial readiness (44.53%), and network topologies’ robust planning but weak recovery and adaptation (60.04% to 77.86%), underscoring the need for comprehensive enhancements across all phases. The utilisation of the proposed factors is crucial in conducting a comprehensive evaluation of IT infrastructure in the event of a cyber-attack.
