In recent years, the construction of lateral heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) has been attracting considerable interest due to its ...numerous applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, the optical absorption coefficient of the Lateral Single Quantum Well (LSQW) based on
MoS
2
/
WSe
2
is analyzed theoretically. For this purpose, we rederive the absorption coefficient equation for LSQW and investigate the parameters affecting the absorption coefficient of LSQW such as the type of polarization and incident angle as well as spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Our results show the significant effect of the spin–orbit effect on the maximum value of the absorption coefficient so that by including the SOC, the values of absorption coefficient increases. We surprisingly found that increasing the well width enhances the optical absorption in LSQW. Our findings and predictions might be implemented in new emerged optovalleytronic devices.
Graphical abstract
(
a
) Absorption coefficient as a function of the photon energy with various incident angle. (
b
) Absorption coefficient as a function of the incident angle.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of commercial monostrain and multistrain probiotics in diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology and mucin gene (MUC2) expression in ...broiler chicks. Three hundred seventy-eight 1-d-old male Arian broiler chicks were allocated in 3 experimental groups for 6 wk. The birds were fed on a corn-soybean based diet and depending on the addition were labeled as follows: control-unsupplemented (C), birds supplemented with Bacillus subtilis (BS) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based probiotics. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 21 broilers each. Treatment effects on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and biomarkers such as intestinal goblet cell density, villus length, villus width, and mucin gene expression were determined. Total feed intake did not differ significantly between control birds and those fed a diet with probiotics (p>0.05). However, significant differences in growth performance were found. Final body weight at 42 d of age was higher in birds fed a diet with probiotics compared to those fed a diet without probiotic (p<0.05). Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis based probiotic in the diets also significantly affected feed conversion rate (FCR) compared with control birds (p<0.05). No differences in growth performance were observed in birds fed different types of probiotic supplemented diets. Inclusion of lactic acid bacteria based probiotic in the diets significantly increased goblet cell number and villus length (p<0.05). Furthermore, diets with Bacillus subtilis based probiotics significantly increased gene expression (p<0.05), with higher intestinal MUC2 mRNA in birds fed diet with probiotics compared to those fed the control diet. In BS and LAB probiotic fed chicks, higher growth performance may be related to higher expression of the MUC2 gene in goblet cells and/or morphological change of small intestinal tract. The higher synthesis of the mucin gene after probiotic administration may positively affect bacterial interactions in the intestinal digestive tract, intestinal mucosal cell proliferation and consequently efficient nutrient absorption.
Rapid and exponential development of textual data in recent years has yielded to the need for automatic text summarization models which aim to automatically condense a piece of text into a shorter ...version. Although various unsupervised and machine learning-based approaches have been introduced for text summarization during the last decades, the emergence of deep learning has made remarkable progress in this field. However, deep learning-based text summarization models are still in their early steps of development and their potential has yet to be fully explored. Accordingly, a novel abstractive summarization model is proposed in this paper which utilized the combination of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory integrated with auxiliary attention in its encoder to increase the saliency and coherency of generated summaries. The proposed model was validated on CNN\Daily Mail and DUC-2004 datasets and empirical results indicated that not only the proposed model outperformed existing models in terms of ROUGE metric but also its generated summaries had higher saliency and readability compared to the baseline model according to human evaluation.
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•Au/Ag nanocages were prepared and used as an effective colorimetric platform.•Hydrazine in the presence of Ag+ causes the morphological change of nanocages.•A paper-based ...colorimetric sensor based on this change was developed for hydrazine.
In this work, Au/Ag nanocages have been used as an effective platform for sensitive colorimetric detection of hydrazine. By adding hydrazine together with silver ions to the hollow Au/Ag nanocages, they undergo a morphological transformation to closed nanoboxes. This leads to a noticeable blue shift in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak position and a distinct color change from blue to purple in the solution. The extent of shift in the LSPR peak of the Au/Ag nanocages exhibited a direct correlation with the concentration of hydrazine within the range of 0.1 to 10.0 µM. The limit of detection (LOD) achieved was 0.03 µM, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.7% at a concentration of 0.5 µM. Furthermore, we developed a paper-based sensor with smartphone readout for hydrazine detection within the range of 0.5 to 10.0 µM, with an LOD of 0.3 µM and an RSD of 3.3% at a concentration of 2.0 µM. The effectiveness of the sensor was successfully demonstrated in the analysis of hydrazine in environmental samples. This is the first time that Au/Ag nanocages are used for simple paper-based assay. With its high sensitivity, low cost, and rapid analysis time, this method offers a promising solution for the quantitative measurement of hydrazine in environmental samples by portable paper-based test strips.
•A new robust distributed model predictive control (RDMPC) is presented for large-scale systems with polytopic uncertainties.•Interactions among subsystems are obtained by an extended distributed ...Kalman filter, and considered in the MPC design.•Output feedback-interaction feedforward control is achieved by optimizing an infinite horizon objection function via LMIs.•Quadratic boundedness is applied to guarantee the robust stability of the closed-loop system.•An iterative Nash-based algorithm is presented to reach the overall optimal solution of the whole system in partially distributed fashion.
In this paper, a new robust distributed model predictive control (RDMPC) is proposed for large-scale systems with polytopic uncertainties. The time-varying system is first decomposed into several interconnected subsystems. Interactions between subsystems are obtained by a distributed Kalman filter, in which unknown parameters of the system are estimated using local measurements and measurements of neighboring subsystems that are available via a network. Quadratic boundedness is used to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system. In the MPC algorithm, an output feedback-interaction feedforward control input is computed by an LMI-based optimization problem that minimizes an upper bound on the worst case value of an infinite-horizon objective function. Then, an iterative Nash-based algorithm is presented to achieve the overall optimal solution of the whole system in partially distributed fashion. Finally, the proposed distributed MPC approach is applied to a load frequency control (LFC) problem of a multi-area power network to study the efficiency and applicability of the algorithm in comparison with the centralized, distributed and decentralized MPC schemes.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of Iranian commercial multi-strain probiotic (IMSP) or different levels of Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), isolated from Iranian camel milk, ...on some biological parameters in male Ross broilers. A total of 240 1-d-old chicks were divided into four groups as follows: (1) Control-Unsupplemented, (2) supplemented with MSP, (3)10
6
CFU PA g
−1
diet, (4)10
8
CFU PA g
−1
diet (4). Groups 2 and 3 exhibited a higher total growth rate and feed conversion ratio, compared to the control and group 4 (p < .05). Group 3 showed a larger villus length/crypt-depth compared to the control (p < .05). Groups 2 and 4 displayed lower and larger count of jejunal Gram (−) bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. compared to the control, respectively (p < .05). The control group showed the lowest levels of total serum protein (p < .05). Group 3 had lower blood triglycerides compared to the control and group 2 (p < .05). These results indicated that the IMSP and 10
6
CFU PA g
−1
diet can improve growth and FCR and can be used in the poultry industry of Iran.
HIGHLIGHTS
Supplementation diet with native multi-strain probiotic is useful. Pediococcus acidilactici isolated from Iranian camel milk can improve broilers performance and reduce blood triglycerides.
We study the problem of estimating the value of sums of the form
S
p
≜
∑
x
i
p
when one has the ability to sample
x
i
≥
0
with probability proportional to its magnitude. When
p
=
2
, this problem is ...equivalent to estimating the selectivity of a self-join query in database systems when one can sample rows randomly. We also study the special case when
{
x
i
}
is the degree sequence of a graph, which corresponds to counting the number of
p
-stars in a graph when one has the ability to sample edges randomly. Our algorithm for a
(
1
±
ε
)
-multiplicative approximation of
S
p
has query and time complexities
O
m
log
log
n
ϵ
2
S
p
1
/
p
. Here,
m
=
∑
x
i
/
2
is the number of edges in the graph, or equivalently, half the number of records in the database table. Similarly,
n
is the number of vertices in the graph and the number of unique values in the database table. We also provide tight lower bounds (up to polylogarithmic factors) in almost all cases, even when
{
x
i
}
is a degree sequence and one is allowed to use the structure of the graph to try to get a better estimate. We are not aware of any prior lower bounds on the problem of join selectivity estimation. For the graph problem, prior work which assumed the ability to sample only
vertices
uniformly gave algorithms with matching lower bounds (Gonen et al. in SIAM J Comput 25:1365–1411,
2011
). With the ability to sample edges randomly, we show that one can achieve faster algorithms for approximating the number of star subgraphs, bypassing the lower bounds in this prior work. For example, in the regime where
S
p
≤
n
, and
p
=
2
, our upper bound is
O
~
(
n
/
S
p
1
/
2
)
, in contrast to their
Ω
(
n
/
S
p
1
/
3
)
lower bound when no random edge queries are available. In addition, we consider the problem of counting the number of directed paths of length two when the graph is directed. This problem is equivalent to estimating the selectivity of a join query between two distinct tables. We prove that the general version of this problem cannot be solved in sublinear time. However, when the ratio between in-degree and out-degree is bounded—or equivalently, when the ratio between the number of occurrences of values in the two columns being joined is bounded—we give a sublinear time algorithm via a reduction to the undirected case.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sources of probiotics (based on Lactic acid bacteria or Bacillus strains) on growth performance, antioxidant status and immunity. ...Therefore, two hundred eighty-eight 1-d-old male Ross broiler chicks were allocated to three experimental groups for 35 days. The dietary treatments included: basal diet-unsupplemented (C), supplemented with lactic acid bacteria (LABP), and/or Bacillus strains-based probiotics (BP). LABP led to reduced feed intake, while both LABP and BP improved the feed conversion rate as compared to the control group on day 7 (P < 0.05). BP increased serum total protein level compared to the control group at the end of the experiment (P < 0.05). However, supplementation with probiotics did not affect the relative weight of carcass components, immune organs, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species levels and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. These findings suggest similar efficacy and potency between probiotics based on Bacillus strains-based and lactic acid bacteria-based probiotics in enhancing early-life growth performance and increasing blood total protein. However, there is insufficient evidence to support an improvement in antioxidant status or modulation of the immune system through the addition of LABP or BP.
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