Abstract
Background
Biological treatments used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have demonstrated their efficacy and safety, although these results were obtained from studies ...that mostly include young people generally included in clinical trials. The objective of our study is to assess the efficacy of these treatments in the elderly population in real life
Methods
Patients have been retrospectively included with established diagnosis of IBD aged 65 years or older at the time of initiating biological treatment(Infliximab, Adalimumab, Golimumab, Ustekinumab or Vedolizumab).Among the patients included, the clinical response (at the discretion of the researcher)after induction(around 12 weeks of treatment)and at 52 weeks was assessed.When that were available, the data related to endoscopic response at week 52 were collected(endoscopic activity was classified as moderate, mild or severe, according to the researcher)
Results
A total of 1090 patients were included(707 CD and 383 UC).The indication for biologic in our experience was lack of response to immunosuppressants(292, 27.1%), corticodependence(318, 29.5%), perianal disease(31, 2.9%), treatment for postoperative recurrence(76, 7.0%), severe corticorefractory ulcerative colitis(59, 5.5%), others(303, 28.1%).After induction, at approximately 12–14 weeks of treatment, 419(39.6%) were in clinical remission, 502(47.4%) had a response without remission, and 137 patients(12.9%) had no response.The percentages of remission with the different biologics were: infliximab 159 patients(42.6%), adalimumab 118 patients (38.4%), golimumab 9 patients(32.1%), ustekinumab 50(32.7%), vedolizumab 84(40.6%)(p = 0.3).At 52 weeks of treatment 442 patients(50.63%) clinical remission, 249 patients had a response (28.5%) and 53 patients had no response (6.1%). Before one year of treatment, 129 patients(14.8%) had suspended treatment due to ineffectiveness, being significantly higher(p <0.0001) for golimumab 9 patients(37.5%) compared to the rest of the biological treatments analyzed.We analyzed the percentages of clinical response to the different biological treatments, without identifying statistically significant differences between the remission rates: infliximab 160 (51.3%), adalimumab 131(50.9%), golimumab 10(41.7%), ustekinumab 49(44.9%) and vedolizumab 92(53.8%).In colonoscopy at 52 weeks(performed 218 patients), 35.8% endoscopic remission(78 patients), 32.1% mild activity(70 patients), 26.1% moderate activity(57 patients) and 6.0% severe activity(13 patients).
Conclusion
Biological drugs have response rates in elderly patients similar to those described in the general population. In our experience, golimumab was the drug that had to be discontinued most frequently due to ineffectiveness.
Abstract The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using $$19.7(16.3)\times 10^{20}$$ 19.7 ( 16.3 ) × 10 20 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at ...the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional $$4.7\times 10^{20}$$ 4.7 × 10 20 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 θ 13 and the impact of priors on the $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}}$$ δ CP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of $$\sin ^2\theta _{23}$$ sin 2 θ 23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 θ 13 from reactors, $$\sin ^2\theta _{23}=0.561^{+0.021}_{-0.032}$$ sin 2 θ 23 = 0 . 561 - 0.032 + 0.021 using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and $$\varDelta {}m^2_{32}=2.494_{-0.058}^{+0.041}\times 10^{-3}~\text {eV}^2$$ Δ m 32 2 = 2 . 494 - 0.058 + 0.041 × 10 - 3 eV 2 using constant $$\varDelta \chi ^{2}$$ Δ χ 2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}}=-1.97_{-0.70}^{+0.97}$$ δ CP = - 1 . 97 - 0.70 + 0.97 using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}}=0,\pi $$ δ CP = 0 , π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than $$2\sigma $$ 2 σ credible level using a flat prior in $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}},$$ δ CP , and just below $$2\sigma $$ 2 σ using a flat prior in $$\sin \delta _{\textrm{CP}}.$$ sin δ CP . When the external constraint on $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 θ 13 is removed, $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}=28.0^{+2.8}_{-6.5}\times 10^{-3},$$ sin 2 θ 13 = 28 . 0 - 6.5 + 2.8 × 10 - 3 , in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.
Muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance probabilities are identical in
the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework, but CPT violation and
non-standard interactions can violate this ...symmetry. In this work we report the
measurements of $\sin^{2} \theta_{23}$ and $\Delta m_{32}^2$ independently for
neutrinos and antineutrinos. The aforementioned symmetry violation would
manifest as an inconsistency in the neutrino and antineutrino oscillation
parameters. The analysis discussed here uses a total of 1.97$\times$10$^{21}$
and 1.63$\times$10$^{21}$ protons on target taken with a neutrino and
antineutrino beam respectively, and benefits from improved flux and
cross-section models, new near detector samples and more than double the data
reducing the overall uncertainty of the result. No significant deviation is
observed, consistent with the standard neutrino oscillation picture.
Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 782 (2023) The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation
parameters using $19.7(16.3)\times10^{20}$ protons on target (POT) in
(anti-)neutrino mode at the ...far detector (FD). Compared to the previous
analysis, an additional $4.7\times10^{20}$ POT neutrino data was collected at
the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with
the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than
double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to
use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux
model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear
effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented,
including results on $\sin^2\theta_{13}$ and the impact of priors on the
$\delta_\mathrm{CP}$ measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering
and upper octant of $\sin^2\theta_{23}$ with a nearly maximally CP-violating
phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on
$\sin^2\theta_{13}$ from reactors, $\sin^2\theta_{23}=0.561^{+0.021}_{-0.032}$
using Feldman--Cousins corrected intervals, and
$\Delta{}m^2_{32}=2.494_{-0.058}^{+0.041}\times10^{-3}~\mathrm{eV^2}$ using
constant $\Delta\chi^{2}$ intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to
$\delta_\mathrm{CP}=-1.97_{-0.70}^{+0.97}$ using Feldman--Cousins corrected
intervals, and $\delta_\mathrm{CP}=0,\pi$ is excluded at more than 90%
confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than
$2\sigma$ credible level using a flat prior in $\delta_\mathrm{CP}$, and just
below $2\sigma$ using a flat prior in $\sin\delta_\mathrm{CP}$. When the
external constraint on $\sin^2\theta_{13}$ is removed,
$\sin^2\theta_{13}=28.0^{+2.8}_{-6.5}\times10^{-3}$, in agreement with
measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with
previous T2K analyses.
Highlights•Short term price trends of some cryptocurrencies can be predicted using deep learning on technical indicators on technical indicators.•Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin are statistically ...easier to predict than Dash and Ripple.•Convolution improves prediction, and LSTM combined with convolutional layers provides the best results.
This study explores the suitability of neural networks with a convolutional component as an alternative to traditional multilayer perceptrons in the domain of trend classification of cryptocurrency exchange rates using technical analysis in high frequencies. The experimental work compares the performance of four different network architectures -convolutional neural network, hybrid CNN-LSTM network, multilayer perceptron and radial basis function neural network- to predict whether six popular cryptocurrencies -Bitcoin, Dash, Ether, Litecoin, Monero and Ripple- will increase their value vs. USD in the next minute. The results, based on 18 technical indicators derived from the exchange rates at a one-minute resolution over one year, suggest that all series were predictable to a certain extent using the technical indicators. Convolutional LSTM neural networks outperformed all the rest significantly, while CNN neural networks were also able to provide good results specially in the Bitcoin, Ether and Litecoin cryptocurrencies.
We propose and demonstrate the use of a model-assisted generative adversarial network (GAN) to produce fake images that accurately match true images through the variation of the parameters of the ...model that describes the features of the images. The generator learns the model parameter values that produce fake images that best match the true images. Two case studies show excellent agreement between the generated best match parameters and the true parameters. The best match model parameter values can be used to retune the default simulation to minimize any bias when applying image recognition techniques to fake and true images. In the case of a real-world experiment, the true images are experimental data with unknown true model parameter values, and the fake images are produced by a simulation that takes the model parameters as input. The model-assisted GAN uses a convolutional neural network to emulate the simulation for all parameter values that, when trained, can be used as a conditional generator for fast fake-image production.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a Nairovirus. CCHF is a tick-borne disease that is predominantly associated with Hyalomma ticks and have a ...widespread distribution in Africa, Asia and Europe. CCHF usually presents as a subclinical disease, but in some cases, it may present as a hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate. This systematic review of the literature was performed to identify the available evidence on the prevalence of CCHF in the European Region of the World Health Organization, based on seroprevalence (IgG antibodies).
A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement protocol. PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science were used for the search (up to January 31, 2019), combining the following MeSH terms: "Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever" OR "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus" OR "Congo-Crimea" OR "Crimea-Congo" AND "Europe" AND "epidemiology" OR "seroprevalence". The abstracts were screened. Subsequently, full-text articles were selected and reviewed based on the PICOS (Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcomes-Study type) criteria by two independent reviewers for inclusion in the final analysis. The data were qualitatively synthesized without quantitative pooling due to the heterogeneity in the study populations and methodologies.
Thirty articles (9 from western Europe, 18 from central Europe and 3 from eastern Europe) were included in the analysis. All articles were cross-sectional studies (descriptive studies).
The highest seroprevalence of CCHF is found in central and eastern European countries. Southern and western Europe countries, such as Greece and Spain, have low levels of endemicity, but the spread of the infection, which is associated with climate change, is a possibility that we should keep in mind. Further studies, especially larger seroprevalence studies in humans and animals, are needed to establish the current status of the CCHF epidemiology and to generate standardized guidelines for action in the region.
Mobile cloud computing is a paradigm that delivers applications to mobile devices by using cloud computing. In this way, mobile cloud computing allows for a rich user experience; since client ...applications run remotely in the cloud infrastructure, applications use fewer resources in the user’s mobile devices. In this paper, we present a new mobile cloud computing model, in which platforms of volunteer devices provide part of the resources of the cloud, inspired by both volunteer computing and mobile edge computing paradigms. These platforms may be hierarchical, based on the capabilities of the volunteer devices and the requirements of the services provided by the clouds. We also describe the orchestration between the volunteer platform and the public, private or hybrid clouds. As we show, this new model can be an inexpensive solution to different application scenarios, highlighting its benefits in cost savings, elasticity, scalability, load balancing, and efficiency. Moreover, with the evaluation performed we also show that our proposed model is a feasible solution for cloud services that have a large number of mobile users.
•Model in which platforms of volunteer devices provide part of the resources.•Benefits in cost savings, elasticity, scalability, load balancing, and efficiency.•Simulation-based evaluation.
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