Reflection is an essential feature of the learning process in all medical education and training fields. While writing the logbooks has been considered to improve learners' reflection in several ...disciplines, it is unknown whether writing reflective logbooks improves the learning perception of dermatology residents. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the role of the reflective logbook in improving the residents' perception of reflective learning in the dermatology residency program.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 dermatology residents from year two (R2) to year four (R4) enrolled in different hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A baseline electronic survey was emailed to all residents before and after implementing the reflective logbook for six months. The survey included 28 close-ended questions assessing their point of view on a Likert scale, and responses varied from agreeing to disagreeing strongly. Frequencies and proportions were generated for the categorical variables such as sex and level of residency. The graphs were generated to assess the proportion of residents correctly responding to the knowledge questions. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Almost 80% of dermatology residents considered reflection as an important element of their learning, and 47% of the residents agreed that a reflective log book increases understanding in medical education. About 44% of the residents agreed that the reflective logbook assisted in their learning, and about 19% strongly agreed on the same. However, only 37.5% agreed that logbooks helped them acquire theoretical knowledge, and 9.4% and 18.8% agreed that they helped them acquire practical and research skills, respectively. Almost 68% of the residents had support in writing the logbook, and 34.4% agreed that logbooks helped them address their patient's needs and enhance their diagnostic skills.
The study findings revealed that dermatology residents perceived reflection and writing a reflective logbook as important and potentially beneficial. However, knowing the importance of reflection and what reflection means was not optimal. Not all dermatology residents were aware of the reflection and reflective logbooks as tools for reflective learning. Thereby warranting regular workshops or fostering continuous medical education on the importance of reflection.
Background: In the United States of America, the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is believed to be 2% of the general population. There is a scarcity of evidence in Saudi Arabia on the ...incidence of BDD and its consequences. The significance of this study is to raise awareness of the problem, provide information, and determine the disease prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and effects of BDD in female university students. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Al-Rayan Colleges in Madina, Saudi Arabia. All females from age 18 to 30 years were enrolled in this study. A total sample size of 286 was calculated with Epi-Info software. For data analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used. Results: There were 286 participants in this study. Majority of the 280 participants (97.9%) were between the ages of 18 and 30 years. The prevalence of BDD was 14.68%. When comparing social avoidance to BDD, it was discovered that 29/42 people with BDD avoid social contact, with a P value of 0.001. Majority of the participants with BDD spent more than 4 h per day on social media, while 13/42 spent between 2 and 4 h per day on social media (P = 0.828). When comparing cosmetic intervention to the BDD individuals, it was discovered that all the BDD participants wished to do the cosmetic procedures (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The current study sheds light on the current state of BDD in the most vulnerable section of the general population. Throughout the study, we discovered that BDD is a common ailment that affects 14.68% of female Saudi youths. The majority of BDD participants avoid social gatherings, avoid visiting friends, and refuse to leave the house. On top of that, people with BDD wish to undergo cosmetic operations such as skin color changes and skin peeling.
For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are ...free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazoles in clinical trials, and thiazoles in preclinical and developmental stages. A compilation of preclinical and developmental thiazole-bearing molecules is presented, focusing on their brief synthetic description and preclinical studies relating to structure-based activity analysis. The authors expect that the current review may succeed in drawing the attention of medicinal chemists to finding new leads, which may later be translated into new drugs.
Calorie labels may be the most important predictor of dietary choices among college students. The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) has imposed calorie labels on the menus of restaurants and ...cafes. The current study looked at how the calorie labeling policy affects Saudi male and female students' dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and awareness. The study included 802 students (360 males and 442 females) from Saudi Arabia's King Saud University, ranging between 18 and 35 years. Between December 2020 and October 2021, a cross-sectional, electronic, approved and validated survey was conducted to collect data on gender socio-demographic variables, food habits, and nutritional knowledge and awareness, in accordance with the food policy stated. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The Likert scale was used to determine the level of awareness and the food habit scores, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to determine the differences between the males and females. Spearman's correlation coefficient and simple regression analysis were performed to determine the association between the demographic factors and nutritional knowledge and the awareness of males and females. The results demonstrated that, with the exception of living situations, males and females differed significantly (
≤ 0.01) in their socio-demographic characteristics. When asked about their food habits after the implementation of calorie labeling, the majority of respondents (>50%) gave negative responses, with a significant difference observed between maintaining body weight (
≤ 0.05) and gaining weight (
≤ 0.01). According to the Likert scale, there was a significant difference between males and females in terms of knowledge (
≤ 0.01) and awareness (
≤ 0.05). An average of 80.53% of males had very high knowledge (4.07) and 65.65% had medium level (3.24) awareness of calorie labeling, while 83.73% of females had very high knowledge (4.17) and 66.50% had medium level (3.32) awareness of calorie labeling. The socio-demographic and lifestyle variables were significantly and positively or negatively associated with calorie label utilization and varied between respondents, according to the Spearman correlation coefficients (
) and simple linear regression analysis. The number of factors that negatively impacted the males' knowledge and awareness was greater than that of the females. In conclusion, among college students, there were numerous gender differences in the demographic and social characteristics. The respondents' knowledge was insufficient, with females outperforming males.
Aim
We performed a meta‐analysis with individual participant data of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for dystonia in children and young people.
Method
Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of ...Science) were queried from January 1999 to August 2017 with no language restrictions to identify case studies and cohort studies reporting on pediatric patients (age ≤21y) with dystonia. The primary outcomes were changes in Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden (BFM) or Barry‐Albright Dystonia Scale scores. A mixed‐effects regression was used to identify associations between clinical covariates and outcomes.
Results
Of 2509 citations reviewed, 72 articles (321 children) were eligible. At last follow‐up (median 12mo, 25th centile=9.0; 75th centile=32.2), 277 (86.3%) patients showed improvement in dystonia, while 66.1 percent showed clinically significant (>20%) BFM Dystonia Rating Scale‐motor improvement. On multivariable hierarchical regression, older age at dystonia onset, inherited dystonia without nervous system pathology and idiopathic dystonia (vs inherited with nervous system pathology or acquired dystonia), and truncal involvement indicated a better outcome (p<0.05).
Interpretation
The data suggest that DBS is effective and should be considered in selected children with inherited or idiopathic dystonia.
What this paper adds
Deep brain stimulation is effective in selected children with inherited or idiopathic dystonia.
Resumen
Estimulación cerebral profunda para la distonía en pediatría: un metaanálisis con datos de participantes individuales
Objetivo
Realizamos un metaanálisis con datos de participantes individuales, de estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) en niños y jóvenes con distonía.
Metodo
Se revisaron tres bases de datos, PubMed, Embase y Web of Science, desde enero de 1999 a agosto de 2017, la búsqueda se realizó sin restricción de lenguaje para identificar reportes de estudios de casos y estudios de cohortes, en pacientes pediátricos con distonía (edad ≤21 años). El resultado principal fueron cambios en los puntajes de la escala Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden (BFM) o la escala de distonía de Barry‐Albraight. Se utilizó una regresión de efecto mixto que sirvió para identificar asociación entre las covariantes clínicas y el resultado final.
Resultados
De 2,509 citaciones revisadas, se eligieron 72 artículos (321 niños). En el último seguimiento (media 12,0 meses, 25th percentil= 9; 75th percentil=32,2), 277 (86,3%) mostraron mejoría en la distonía, mientras que 66,1% mostraron significancia clínica (>20%) de la escala de valoración motora BFM. En la regresión jerárquica multivariable, las siguientes covariantes indicaron un mejor resultado final: edad mayor al inicio de la distonía, la distonía hereditaria sin patología del sistema nervioso central y la distonía idiopática (versus heredado con patología del sistema nervioso o distonía adquirida), y una afectación de tronco.
Interpretacion
Los datos sugieren que la ECP es efectiva y debe ser considerada en niños seleccionados con distonía hereditaria o idiopática.
Resumo
Estimulação cerebral profunda para distonia pediátrica: uma metanálise com dados de participantes individuais
Objetivo
Realizamos uma metanálise com dados de participantes individuais de estimulação cerebral profunda (ECP) para distonia em crianças e jovens.
Método
Três bases de dados, PubMed, Embase, e Web of Science foram pesquisadas de Janeiro de 1999 a Agosto de 2017 sem restrições de linguagem para identificar estudos de casos e de coorte reportando pacientes pediátricos (idade ≤21a) com distonia. Os resultados primários foram mudanças nos escores da Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden (BFM) ou Escala de Distonia de Barry‐Albright. Uma regressão com efeitos mistos foi usada para identificar associações entre covariáveis clínicas e resultados.
Resultados
De 2.509 citações revisadas, 72 artigos (321 crianças) foram elegíveis. No ultimo follow‐up (mediana 12,0 meses, 25o. centil=9,0; 75o. centil=32,2), 277 (86,3%) pacientes mostrarm melhora na distonia, enquanto 66,1% mostram melhora motora clinicamente significativa (>20%) na Escala de Distonia BFM. Na regressão hierárquica multivariada, maior idade no início da distonia, distonia hereditária sem patologia do sistema nervosa e distonia idiopática (vs hereditária com patologia do sistema nervoso ou distonia adquirida), e envolvimento truncal indicaram melhor resultado (p<0,05).
Interpretação
Os dados sugerem que a ECP é efetiva e deve ser considerada em crianças selecionadas com distonia hereditária ou idiopática.
What this paper adds
Deep brain stimulation is effective in selected children with inherited or idiopathic dystonia.
This article's has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese.
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We numerically demonstrate the unidirectional flow of flat-top solitons when interacting with two reflectionless potential wells with slightly different depths. The system is described by a nonlinear ...Schrödinger equation with dual nonlinearity. The results show that for shallow potential wells, the velocity window for unidirectional flow is larger than for deeper potential wells. A wider flat-top solitons also have a narrow velocity window for unidirectional flow than those for thinner flat-top solitons.
•Flat-top soliton's unidirectional flow was shown numerically with split-step and power series methods.•It is shown that the unidirectional flow behavior disappears for specific flat-top soliton widths.•Wider flat-top solitons have a narrower velocity range for unidirectional flow than thinner ones.
Potentially inappropriate medications PIMs are common among elderly population and becoming a global health issue. It has been associated with negative health consequences like preventable adverse ...drug reactions, hospitalization and mortality.
To investigate the most commonly potentially inappropriate medications in older adults in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, we aim to gain insights into the typical healthcare settings where healthcare providers offer services related to PIMs.
This is a systematic review design using Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. PubMed and Google Scholar were used to search for the relevant studies using the following keywords (older adults, elderly, potentially inappropriate medications, inappropriate medications, PMIs, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) with no restrictions to the date of publications nor the study language.
Only 8 studies have met our inclusion and exclusion criteria, which was most of them were cross-sectional study design (n = 6.75%) and all of them have been conducted in hospital-based settings. In addition, the prevalence of PIMs ranged from 19% to 80% depends on the site and administration of the study. We have found that proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, diuretics, gastrointestinal medications, and antidepressants were the most common reported PIMs in the included studies.
The prevalence of PIMs among the elderly in Saudi Arabia is notably high ranged from 19% to 80%, underscoring the need for additional research to assess the existing practices within this vulnerable demographic across various healthcare settings.
PurposeThe objective of this study is to investigate the role of emotional intelligence and empowering leadership in enhancing psychological empowerment and work engagement in private ...hospitals.Design/methodology/approachA total of 500 questionnaires were distributed to staff nurses at five private hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 100 questionnaires to each hospital, with an achieved response rate of 34.8%.FindingsThe results show statistically significant positive relationships between emotional intelligence, empowering leadership, psychological empowerment and work engagement. The relationship between emotional intelligence and work engagement and psychological empowerment and work engagement were not significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe study found that employees who have a high level of emotional intelligence and the positive stimulus of empowering leadership demonstrate enhanced psychological empowerment and work engagement.Practical implicationsA better understanding of the role of EI and EL in enhancing psychological empowerment and work engagement could help hospitals reduce turnover among nurses and improve their relationships with patients, as well as maintaining competitive advantage.Originality/valueThe study provides evidence to support the effect of EI on empowering leadership, psychological empowerment and work engagement in private hospitals.
Contamination of heavy metal (Cd2+ & Pb2+) ions in drinking water is producing major impacts on the environment and public health and is considered one of the greatest dangers to humanity. Membrane ...technology has been chosen over other processing methods due to its simplicity and high capacity for more effective removal of hazardous heavy metals. In the current study, amine, thiol, and bi-thiol functional groups were used to functionalize mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to improve the efficiency of the silica nanoparticle. The morphology of the MSNs as well as the existence of amine and thiol on the surface of MSNs was demonstrated by a variety of characterization techniques, including FTIR, TEM, and SEM examination. The impact of surface-modified MSNs on the morphology, properties, and performance of polysulfone (PS) nanofiltration (NF) membranes was also evaluated. The membrane that incorporated amine with thiol-based MSNs (DiMP-MSNs/PS-NF membrane) had the highest pure water permeability (6.7 LMH bar−1). As a result of the functional groups, the surface-modified MSNs/PS nanofiltration are extremely effective at removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The surface-modified MSNs/PS nano-filtration membranes exhibit unprecedented Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal rates of approximately 82% and 99%, respectively. This research indicates the possible application of the surface-modified MSNs/PS nanofiltration membrane as a promising platform to remove heavy metal ions from polluted water.
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