In recent years, the consumption of vegetal-source proteins has been studied to determine their preventing effect on the development of several chronic diseases. The initial purpose of this report ...was to determine the effect of a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) given to mice, alone or with azoxymethane (AOM), on various obesity biochemical biomarkers, as well as on the induction of colon aberrant crypts (aberrant crypt foci; ACF). At the end of the 5-week assay, animals fed the HCD showed alterations in the level of total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoproteins, and in the Atherogenic Index; besides, a significant elevation was observed in the number of ACF. Our second aim was to examine the effect of a Faba Protein Hydrolyzate (FPH) on mice fed the HCD. We first obtained protein hydrolyzates from the seeds of Vicia faba, determined the in vitro antioxidant potential with two tests, and, subsequently, evaluated the effect on obesity biomarkers and on the number of ACF. In the first case, we found that, generally, the best protective effect was obtained with the low dose of FPH (10 mg/kg) administered to animals fed the HCD, and injected AOM. With respect to the number of ACF, we observed that this dose was more effective, inhibiting such lesions to almost the level determined for the normocholesterolemic diet (NCD). Therefore, our results demonstrated the relevance of a HCD to develop anomalies in obesity biomarkers in mouse, as well as to increase the number of precarcinogenic lesions. Our results also showed a protective response with the administration of FPH, particularly with a specific dose, suggesting the need for extending research on the matter by widening the spectra of doses, in order to clearly define its potential to counteract the damage induced by the HCD, as well as to confirm if antioxidation in mice was involved in such an effect.
A New Ultrafine Luminescent La2O3:Eu3+ Aerogel García Ramírez, Víctor M.; García Murillo, Antonieta; Carrillo Romo, Felipe de J. ...
Gels,
07/2023, Letnik:
9, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of La2O3:Eu3+ luminescent aerogels fabricated by the sol–gel method and the supercritical drying technique. The % mol concentration of the ...Eu3+ ion was varied to study the effects on the luminescent properties of the aerogels. XRD and TEM analysis showed that the La2O3:Eu3+ aerogels exhibited a semi-crystalline behavior regardless of whether the concentration of europium was increased. SEM micrographs revealed a porous structure in the aerogels, which were composed of quasi-spherical nanoparticles that were interconnected and formed coral-shaped agglomerates. Photoluminescence spectroscopy characterization showed that the aerogels had an infrared emission located at λ = 793 nm, and the maximum photoluminescence emission intensity was observed for the aerogel with 50% Eu3+. The results demonstrate that, without heat treatment, it is possible to manufacture luminescent aerogels of rare-earth oxides that can be used in opto-electronic devices.
In this research, a supercritical CO
2
-ethanol extraction was optimized to obtain a green coffee oil rich in bioactive compounds. A face-centered central composite design was used to evaluate the ...effect of temperature (50–70 °C), extraction pressure (15.0–30.0 MPa), and cosolvent content (5–20%) on the extraction yield and total phenolic compound content of green coffee supercritical extract (GCSE). The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial model. According to the statistical analyses, the lack of fit was not significant for either mathematical model. From the response surface plots, the extraction pressure and cosolvent content significantly impacted the extraction yield, while the total phenolic compound content was impacted by temperature and cosolvent content. The optimal conditions were a 20% cosolvent content, a pressure of 30 MPa, and a temperature of 62 °C, which predicted an extraction yield of 7.7% with a total phenol content of 5.4 mg gallic acid equivalent g GCSE
−1
. The bioactive compounds included 5-caffeoylquinic acid (11.53–17.91 mg g GCSE
−1
), caffeine (44.76–79.51 mg g GCSE
−1
), linoleic acid (41.47–41.58%), and palmitic acid (36.07–36.18%). Our results showed that GCSE has the outstanding chemical quality and antioxidant potential, suggesting that GCSE can be used as a functional ingredient.
Introduction: Dialysis fluid (DF), an essential element in hemodialysis (HD), is manufactured in situ by mixing three components: treated water, bicarbonate concentrate and acid concentrate. To avoid ...the precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonate that is produced in DF by the addition of bicarbonate, it is necessary to add an acid. There are 2 acid concentrates that contain acetate (ADF) or citrate (CDF) as a stabilizer. Objective: To compare the acute effect of HD with CDF vs. ADF on the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, acid base balance, coagulation, inflammation and hemodynamic stability. Methods: Prospective, multicenter, randomized and crossed study, of 32 weeks duration, in patients in three-week HD, AK-200-Ultra-S or Artis monitor, 16 weeks with ADF SoftPac®, prepared with 3 mmol/L of acetate, and 16 weeks with CDF SelectBag Citrate®, with 1 mmol/L of citrate. Patients older than 18 years were included in HD for a minimum of 3 months by arteriovenous fistula. Epidemiological, dialysis, pre and postdialysis biochemistry, episodes of arterial hypotension, and coagulation scores were collected monthly during the 8 months of the study. Pre and post-dialysis analysis were extracted: venous blood gas, calcium (Ca), ionic calcium (Cai), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) among others.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03319680. Results: We included 56 patients, 47 (84%) men and 9 (16%) women, mean age: 65.3 (16.4) years, technique HD/HDF: 20 (35.7%)/36 (64.3%).We found differences (p < 0.05) when using the DF with citrate (C) versus acetate (A) in the postdialysis values of bicarbonate C: 26.9 (1.9) vs. A: 28.5 (3) mmol/L, Cai C: 1.1 (0.05) vs. A: 1.2 (0.08) mmol/L, Mg C: 1.8 (0.1) vs A: 1, 9 (0.2) mg/dL and PTH C: 255 (172) vs. 148 (149) pg/mL. We did not find any differences in any of the parameters measured before dialysis. Of the 4416 sessions performed, 2208 in each group, 311 sessions (14.1%) with ADF and 238 (10.8%) with CDF (p < 0.01), were complicated by arterial hypotension. The decrease in maximum blood volume measured by Hemoscan® biosensor was also lower −3.4 (7.7) vs −5.1 (8.2) although without statistical significance. Conclusion: Dialysis with citrate acutely produces less postdialysis alkalemia and significantly modifies Ca, Mg and PTH. CDF has a positive impact on hemodynamic tolerance. Resumen: Introducción: El líquido de diálisis (LD), elemento esencial en la hemodiálisis (HD), se fabrica in situ mezclando 3 componentes: agua tratada, concentrado de bicarbonato y concentrado ácido. Para evitar la precipitación de carbonato cálcico y magnésico que se produce en el LD por la adición de bicarbonato, es necesario añadir un ácido. Existen 2 concentrados ácidos según contengan acetato (LDA) o citrato (LDC) como estabilizante. Objetivo: Comparar el efecto agudo de la HD con LDC vs. LDA sobre el metabolismo del calcio, fosforo y magnesio, el equilibrio ácido base, la coagulación, inflamación y la estabilidad hemodinámica. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, multicéntrico, aleatorizado y cruzado, de 32 semanas de duración, en pacientes en HD trisemanal, monitor AK-200-Ultra-S o Artis, 16 semanas con LDA SoftPac®, elaborado con 3 mmol/l de acetato, y 16 semanas con LDC SelectBag Citrate®, con 1 mmol/l de citrato. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años en HD durante un mínimo de 3 meses mediante fístula arteriovenosa. Se recogieron datos epidemiológicos, de diálisis, bioquímica pre- y posdiálisis, episodios de hipotensión arterial, y scores de coagulación mensualmente durante los 8 meses de estudio. Se extrajeron pre- y posdiálisis: gasometría venosa, calcio (Ca), calcio iónico (Cai), fósforo (P), magnesio (Mg) y hormona paratiroidea (PTH), entre otros.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03319680. Resultados: Se incluyeron 56 pacientes, 47 (84%) hombres y 9 (16%) mujeres de edad media: 65,3 (16,4) años, técnica HD/HDF: 20 (35,7%)/36 (64,3%).Encontramos diferencias (p < 0,05) cuando utilizamos el LD con citrato (C) frente a acetato (A) en los valores posdiálisis de bicarbonato C: 26,9 (1,9) vs. A: 28,5 (3) mmol/l, Cai C: 1,1 (0,05) vs A: 1,2 (0,08) mmol/l, Mg C. 1,8 (0,1) vs A: 1,9 (0,2) mg/dl y PTH C: 255 (172) vs. 148 (149) pg/ml. No encontramos diferencias en ninguno de los parámetros medidos prediálisis. Se registraron menos episodios de hipotensión arterial durante las sesiones con el LDC; de las 4.416 sesiones de HD, 2.208 en cada grupo, cursaron con hipotensión 311 sesiones (14,1%) con LDA y 238 (10,8%) con LDC (p < 0,01). También fue menor la caída de volumen sanguíneo máximo medido por biosensor Hemoscan® −3,4(7,7) vs. −5,1 (8,2), aunque sin significación estadística. Conclusión: La diálisis con citrato produce de forma aguda menor alcalemia posdiálisis y modifica de forma significativa el Ca, el Mg y la PTH. El LDC tiene un impacto positivo sobre la tolerancia hemodinámica. Keywords: Hemodialysis, Bicarbonate, Acetate, Citrate, Calcium, Magnesium, Arterial hypotension, Palabras clave: Hemodiálisis, Bicarbonato, Acetato, Citrato, Calcio, Magnesio, Hipotensión arterial
To analyze the current state of women in urology in Spain.
Descriptive study based on the results of an online survey sent between February and April 2020 through the database of the Residents and ...Young Urologists group (RAEU) of the Spanish Association of Urology (AEU). Characteristics of the survey and its results were analyzed.
In total, 257 responses were obtained from 210 women (81.71%) and 47 men (18.29%) belonging to 111 hospitals. Statistically significant differences were observed (p < 0.001) with a higher proportion of men in all categories except for the group of young female and male attendings (29−39 years, p = 0.789), and the group of female residents against male residents (p = 0.814). The number of men was higher in hospitals with subspecialty units except for the Pelvic Floor Unit, where no statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.06). Regarding positions of responsibility, only 7 out of 111 hospitals had female Department Chiefs.
Women's representation in urology is increasing, mainly due to the younger generations. However, the access of these women to relevant positions is anecdotal.
Analizar la situación actual de las mujeres en la Urología en España.
Estudio descriptivo a partir de los resultados de una encuesta electrónica remitida entre febrero y abril de 2020 a través de la base de datos del grupo de Residentes y Jóvenes Urólogos (RAEU) de la Asociación Española de Urología (AEU). Se analizaron las características demográficas de la encuesta y los resultados de la misma.
Se obtuvieron 257 respuestas, de 210 mujeres (81,71%) y 47 hombres (18,29%) procedentes de 111 hospitales en total. Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001) con una mayor proporción de hombres en todas las categorías excepto en el grupo de adjuntas y adjuntos jóvenes (29−39 años, p = 0,789) y en el de residentes mujeres frente a residentes hombres (p = 0,814). En los hospitales con unidades subespecializadas, se encontraron mayor número de hombres en todas, excepto en la Unidad de Suelo Pélvico, en la que no se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,06). Respecto a cargos de responsabilidad, en sólo 7 de 111 hospitales había Jefas de Servicio.
La presencia de las mujeres en la especialidad de Urología es cada vez mayor, debido mayoritariamente a las generaciones más jóvenes. Sin embargo, el acceso de estas mujeres a puestos de relevancia es anecdótica.
This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of Lasub.2Osub.3:Eusup.3+ luminescent aerogels fabricated by the sol–gel method and the supercritical drying technique. The % mol ...concentration of the Eusup.3+ ion was varied to study the effects on the luminescent properties of the aerogels. XRD and TEM analysis showed that the Lasub.2Osub.3:Eusup.3+ aerogels exhibited a semi-crystalline behavior regardless of whether the concentration of europium was increased. SEM micrographs revealed a porous structure in the aerogels, which were composed of quasi-spherical nanoparticles that were interconnected and formed coral-shaped agglomerates. Photoluminescence spectroscopy characterization showed that the aerogels had an infrared emission located at λ = 793 nm, and the maximum photoluminescence emission intensity was observed for the aerogel with 50% Eusup.3+. The results demonstrate that, without heat treatment, it is possible to manufacture luminescent aerogels of rare-earth oxides that can be used in opto-electronic devices.
Analizar la situación actual de las mujeres en la especialidad de Urología en España.
Estudio descriptivo a partir de los resultados de una encuesta electrónica remitida entre febrero y abril de 2020 ...a través de la base de datos del grupo de Residentes y Jóvenes Urólogos (RAEU) de la Asociación Española de Urología (AEU). Se analizaron las características demográficas de la encuesta y los resultados de la misma.
Se obtuvieron 257 respuestas, correspondientes a 210 mujeres (81,71%) y 47 hombres (18,29%) procedentes de 111 hospitales en total. Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001), con una mayor proporción de hombres en todas las categorías, excepto en el grupo de adjuntas y adjuntos jóvenes (29-39años; p=0,789) y en el de residentes mujeres frente a residentes hombres (p=0,814). En los hospitales con unidades subespecializadas se encontró un mayor número de hombres en todas, excepto en la unidad de suelo pélvico, en la que no se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,06). Respecto a cargos de responsabilidad, en solo 7 de 111 hospitales había jefas de servicio.
La presencia de las mujeres en la especialidad de Urología es cada vez mayor, debido mayoritariamente a las generaciones más jóvenes. Sin embargo, el acceso de estas mujeres a puestos de relevancia es anecdótica.
To analyze the current state of women in urology in Spain.
Descriptive study based on the results of an online survey sent between February and April 2020 through the database of the Residents and Young Urologists group (RAEU) of the Spanish Association of Urology (AEU). Demographic characteristics of the survey and its results were analyzed.
In total, 257 responses were obtained from 210 women (81.71%) and 47 men (18.29%) belonging to 111 hospitals. Statistically significant differences were observed (P<.001) with a higher proportion of men in all categories except for the group of young female and male attendings (29-39 years, P=.789), and the group of female residents against male residents (P=.814). The number of men was higher in hospitals with subspecialty units except for the Pelvic Floor Unit, where no statistically significant difference was observed (P=.06). Regarding positions of responsibility, only 7 out of 111 hospitals had female department chiefs.
Women's representation in urology is increasing, mainly due to the younger generations. However, the access of these women to relevant positions is anecdotal.
Women in contemporary cancer research González‐Alvarez, Julio; Sos‐Peña, Rosa
International journal of cancer,
15 September 2020, Letnik:
147, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Despite recent advances, gender inequality persists in many scientific fields including medicine. Thus far, no study has extensively analyzed the gender composition of contemporary researchers in the ...oncology field. We examined 40 oncological journals (Web of Science, Oncology category) with different impact factors (Q1–Q4) and extracted all the articles and reviews published during 2015–2017 in order to identify the gender of their authors. Our data showed that women represent about 38% of all the authorships, both in articles and reviews. In relative terms, women are overrepresented as first authors of articles (43.8%), and clearly underrepresented as last or senior authors (<30%). This double pattern, also observed in other medical fields, suggests that age, or more specifically, seniority, may play some role in the gender composition of cancer researchers. Examining the pattern of collaboration, an interesting finding was observed: the articles signed by a woman in the first or in the last position roughly showed gender parity in the byline. We also found some differences in the content of the articles depending on which gender occupies the first and last positions of the authorships.
What's new?
Gender imbalance remains an important issue in many scientific fields, despite increased awareness and focus on improving gender diversity. This study examined gender composition specifically in the field of oncology based on authorship in oncological journals. Analyses show that women constituted about 38 percent of gender‐known authorships in cancer research published between 2015 and 2017. Relative to medical journals generally, women were overrepresented as first authors and underrepresented as last authors. The findings suggest that, since first authors in biomedical journals often are in early career stages, gender proportions in oncology may become more balanced in the near future.
Dietary fiber and phenolic compounds are two recognized dietary factors responsible for potential effects on human health; therefore, they have been widely used to increase functionality of some ...foods. This paper focuses on showing the use of both substances as functional ingredients for enriching foods, and at the same time, describes the use of a single material that combines the properties of the two types of substances. The last part of the work describes some facts related to the interaction between dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, which could affect the bioaccessibility and absorption of phenolics in the gut. In this sense, the purpose of the present review is to compile and analyze evidence relating to the use of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds to enhance technological and nutritional properties of foods and hypothesize some of the possible effects in the gut after their ingestion.
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are plant secondary metabolites from the flavonoid family. Red to blue fruits are major dietary sources of ACNs (up to 1 g/100 g FW), being cyanidin-3-
-glucoside (Cy3G) one of ...the most widely distributed. Cy3G confers a red hue to fruits, but its content in raspberries and strawberries is low. It has a good radical scavenging capacity (RSC) against superoxide but not hydroxyl radicals, and its oxidative potential is pH-dependent (58 mV/pH unit). After intake, Cy3G can be metabolized (phases I, II) by oral epithelial cells, absorbed by the gastric epithelium (1%-10%) and it is gut-transformed (phase II & microbial metabolism), reaching the bloodstream (<1%) and urine (about 0.02%) in low amounts. In humans and Caco-2 cells, Cy3G's major metabolites are protocatechuic acid and phloroglucinaldehyde which are also subjected to entero-hepatic recycling, although caffeic acid and peonidin-3-glucoside seem to be strictly produced in the large bowel and renal tissues. Solid evidence supports Cy3G's bioactivity as DNA-RSC, gastro protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic chemo-preventive and as an epigenetic factor, exerting protection against
infection, age-related diseases, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and oral cancer. Most relevant mechanisms include RSC, epigenetic action, competitive protein-binding and enzyme inhibition. These and other novel aspects on Cy3G's physical-chemistry, foodomics, and health effects are discussed.
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