NuRadioMC is a Monte Carlo framework designed to simulate ultra-high energy neutrino detectors that rely on the radio detection method. This method exploits the radio emission generated in the ...electromagnetic component of a particle shower following a neutrino interaction. NuRadioMC simulates everything from the neutrino interaction in a medium, the subsequent Askaryan radio emission, the propagation of the radio signal to the detector and finally the detector response. NuRadioMC is designed as a modern, modular Python-based framework, combining flexibility in detector design with user-friendliness. It includes a state-of-the-art event generator, an improved modelling of the radio emission, a revisited approach to signal propagation and increased flexibility and precision in the detector simulation. This paper focuses on the implemented physics processes and their implications for detector design. A variety of models and parameterizations for the radio emission of neutrino-induced showers are compared and reviewed. Comprehensive examples are used to discuss the capabilities of the code and different aspects of instrumental design decisions.
We estimate the neutrino emission from individual γ-ray bursts observed by the BATSE detector on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. Neutrinos are produced by photoproduction of pions when protons ...interact with photons in the region where the kinetic energy of the relativistic fireball is dissipated allowing the acceleration of electrons and protons. We also consider models where neutrinos are predominantly produced on the radiation surrounding the newly formed black hole. From the observed redshift and photon flux of each individual burst, we compute the neutrino flux in a variety of models based on the assumption that equal kinetic energy is dissipated into electrons and protons. Where not measured, the redshift is estimated by other methods. Unlike previous calculations of the universal diffuse neutrino flux produced by all γ-ray bursts, the individual fluxes (compiled at
http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~dafne/grb/) can be directly compared with coincident observations by the AMANDA telescope at the South Pole. Because of its large statistics, our predictions are likely to be representative for future observations with larger neutrino telescopes.
Abstract
RegulonDB is a database that contains the most comprehensive corpus of knowledge of the regulation of transcription initiation of Escherichia coli K-12, including data from both classical ...molecular biology and high-throughput methodologies. Here, we describe biological advances since our last NAR paper of 2019. We explain the changes to satisfy FAIR requirements. We also present a full reconstruction of the RegulonDB computational infrastructure, which has significantly improved data storage, retrieval and accessibility and thus supports a more intuitive and user-friendly experience. The integration of graphical tools provides clear visual representations of genetic regulation data, facilitating data interpretation and knowledge integration. RegulonDB version 12.0 can be accessed at https://regulondb.ccg.unam.mx.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
We present the first observational limits to the ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrino flux from the Galactic Centre, and from Centaurus A which is the nearest active galactic nucleus. These results are ...based on our 'Lunar UHE Neutrino Astrophysics using the Square Kilometre Array' (LUNASKA) project experiments at the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). We also derive limits for the previous experiments and compare these limits with expectations for acceleration and superheavy dark matter models of the origin of UHE cosmic rays.
Summary
Aim
To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention among primary care physicians on several indicators of good clinical practice in diabetes care.
Methods
Two groups of physicians were ...randomly assigned to the intervention or control group (IG and CG). Every physician randomly selected two samples of patients from all type 2 diabetic patients aged 40 years and above and diagnosed more than a year ago. Baseline and final information were collected cross‐sectionally 12 months apart, in two independent samples of 30 patients per physician. The educational intervention comprised: distribution of educational materials and physicians' specific bench‐marking information, an on‐line course and three on‐site educational workshops on diabetes. External observers collected information directly from the physicians and from the medical records of the patients on personal and family history of disease and on the evolution and treatment of their disease. Baseline information was collected retrospectively in the control group.
Results
Intervention group comprised 53 physicians who included a total of 3018 patients in the baseline and final evaluations. CG comprised 50 physicians who included 2868 patients in the same evaluations. Measurement of micro‐albuminuria in the last 12 months (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4) and foot examination in the last year (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1–3.6) were the indicators for which greater improvement was found in the IG. No other indicator considered showed statistically significant improvement between groups.
Conclusions
The identification of indicators with very low level of compliance and the implementation of a simple intervention in physicians to correct them is effective in improving the quality of care of diabetic patients.
Linked Comment: www.youtube.com/IJCPeditorial.
We study the longitudinal development of hadronic showers in ice for energies up to 100 EeV and its implications for radio and optical Cherenkov emission. A small fraction of showers induced by ...primaries of energy above 1 EeV is shown to display the characteristic elongation associated to the Landau Pomeranchuck Migdal (LPM) effect. The rest look like ordinary showers because the highest energy
π
0's interact instead of decaying in two photons. The LPM effect observed in this fraction of the showers is mainly due to
η and
η′ production and decay. We give parameterizations for the total and excess charge tracklengths and for the amplitude and angular spread of the electric field spectrum in the Cherenkov direction. Implications for neutrino detection are briefly addressed.
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