Indicine N‐oxide, the first pyrrolizidine alkaloid N‐oxide to be studied in the treatment of cancer in humans, was administered to ten patients: four children and two adolescents with refractory ...acute lymphocytic leukemia and four adults with refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (three acute myelocytic, one myelomonocytic). Two patients, a 4‐year‐old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia and a 22‐year‐old man with acute myelocytic leukemia, achieved complete remission lasting 3 and 5+ months, respectively. Another 15‐year‐old male with acute lymphocytic leukemia had a partial remission for four months. Toxicities included bone marrow suppression, mild anorexia and nausea, and transient elevation of liver enzymes. Jaundice and liver failure, presumably induced by drug, occurred in two patients.
Pharmacokinetics of the experimental antitumor agent indicine N-oxide were investigated in a group of 23 pediatric cancer patients. Plasma elimination of indicine N-oxide was best described by a ...two-compartment open model. The mean plasma distribution phase half-life, plasma elimination phase half-life, and plasma clearance were 8 min, 84 min, and 62 ml/min/m2 (2.1 ml/min/kg), respectively. One patient with renal impairment had an abnormally long plasma elimination phase half-life (275 min) and reduced plasma clearance (17 ml/min/m2). Plasma elimination phase half-life values increased and plasma clearance values decreased with increasing age of the pediatric patients. Plasma elimination of indicine N-oxide was more rapid in this group of children than in adults who had previously received the drug.
The Cooper isolate of bovine herpesvirus-1, which causes abortion in cattle, was used to construct a thymidine kinase-negative (TK-) deletion mutant virus. Twelve heifers were inoculated IV at 25 to ...29 weeks of pregnancy with either TK- or thymidine kinase-positive (TK+) Cooper virus. All heifers developed fevers of 1 to 2 C during the first week after inoculation. Temperatures of TK+ inoculates were slightly higher and remained above normal a few days longer than in TK- inoculates. Viremia was detected in 5 of 6 TK+ inoculates and in all 6 TK- inoculates. More virus isolations were made from nasal and vaginal swab specimens of TK+ inoculates than from swab specimens of TK- inoculates. All heifers developed virus neutralizing antibody within 14 days after inoculation and antibody titers were similar between the 2 groups. None of the TK- inoculated heifers aborted and their calves did not have neutralizing antibody at birth. Abortion occurred in 5 of 6 heifers given TK+ virus. All aborted fetuses were infected with bovine herpesvirus-1, as demonstrated by virus isolation or detection of viral antigen in fetal tissues. These results indicate that inactivation of the TK gene reduces abortifacient activity of bovine herpesvirus-1
A naturally occurring outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis infection in captive wild elk (wapiti) in Montana was confirmed by mycobacteriologic examination. Twenty-eight of 143 elk responded to M. bovis ...purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin injected intradermally in the cervical region (SCT). The results of comparative cervical tuberculin skin tests conducted within 9 days of SCT revealed greater responses to M. bovis PPD tuberculin than to M. avium PPD tuberculin in 23 of 28 elk responding. At necropsy, several grossly visible tuberculous lesions were observed in the parenchyma of the lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and submandibular lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of appropriately stained tissue sections revealed the presence of granulomatous lesions containing acid-fast bacilli. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using a sarkosyl extract of M. bovis (antigen) and peroxidase-labeled protein G (conjugate); reactions were detected in the sera of 8 of 9 elk responding to M. bovis PPD tuberculin. Lymphocyte blastogenic assay responses were detected using M. bovis antigens in 7 of 9 elk positive on skin tests using M. bovis PPD.
Data were collected on Mantispa sayi Banks regarding larval parasitism of spiders, parasitism ratios, within-host distribution, longevity of nonparasitizing larvae, and long-term use of a communal ...oviposition site in southern Texas. Most egg clusters were laid on the underside of wooden eaves, which usually had a high density and diversity of web-building and hunting spiders. One site was repeatedly used during 6 yr of observation and on one date contained 403 egg clusters. Larvae hatched in 9-10 d at 26.5 degree C but died within 96 h if they did not locate and attach to a suitable host. First instars, which are facultative ectoparasites, were collected from 13 species of spiders representing six families (Araneidae, Gnaphosidae, Mimetidae, Salticidae, Scytodidae, and Tetragnathidae).
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