COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a strong impact on students’ wellbeing, with associated uncertainty about the future. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the psychological effects of ...COVID-19 on the medical education of final year students in Pakistan.
We conducted prospective, cross-sectional survey, as a snapshot, from June 07, 2020 till June 16, 2020, among final year medical and dental students. The 20-questions survey questionnaire was based on rating-scale items to focus on psychological symptoms, institutional preparedness for such crisis and confidence in becoming a future doctor. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Multivariate regression analysis.
Majority of participants (n = 1753/2661, 65.9%) were female. Despite timely closure of institutes, delay in the start of the online teaching (beta coefficient 0.08, P-value 0.02) was significantly correlated with the depressive symptoms. A significant percentage of students (n = 1594, 59.9%) wanted a delay in exit exams due to intimidation. A similar proportion of students also lost confidence to be a competent doctor in future which was positively associated with male gender (beta coefficient 0.21, P-value < 0.001).
Our study shows that COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant psychological influence on the medical education of final year students. Despite a stressful crisis, final year medical and dental students are still willing to serve the community. In addition to supporting their emotions and psychological wellbeing, stress counselling, and transforming current medical curricula is crucial to pursue ceaseless medical education and to become a safe future doctor.
•COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant psychological influence on the medical education of final year students.•A significant proportion of the medical and dental institutions were not well prepared before the lockdown.•The students' preparation for their exams has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.•Institutes need to establishing online ‘social support group’ with the mental health team to provide supportive therapy.•Supporting students’ emotions and psychological wellbeing, and transforming current medical curricula is crucial.
Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) viz.
Verticillium lecanii
,
Metarhizium anisopliae
and
Beauveria bassiana
with
Azadirachta indica
extract (alone and in combinations) was evaluated ...against 2
nd
instar larvae of the cotton pink bollworm,
Pectinophora gossypiella
(Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled conditions. Results indicated that maximum mortality rate of
P
.
gossypiella
larvae was recorded at combination of the highest conidial concentrations of
V
.
lecanii
+
M
.
anisopliae
+
B
.
bassiana
along with
A
.
indica
extract, while minimum mortality rate was recorded at
A
.
indica
extract alone, 12 days post exposure interval. Maximum mycosis and sporulation from dead cadavers of
P
.
gossypiella
larvae were recorded at the highest concentration of
B
.
bassiana
, while the lowest mycosis and sporulation were recorded at the highest conidial concentrations of
V
.
lecanii
+
M
.
anisopliae
+
B
.
bassiana
along with
A
.
indica
extract. Maximum percent of pupation and adult emergence in
P
.
gossypiella
larvae was observed in the treatment, where
A
.
indica
extract was applied alone, while the minimum percent of pupation and adult emergence was observed at the treatment combination of the highest concentration of
B
.
bassiana
+
V
.
lecanii
+
M
.
anisopliae
along with
A
.
indica
extract was applied. EPFs proved their enhanced long-term protection potential for cotton crop against
P
.
gossypiella
.
A
.
indica
extract integrated with the EPFs can be a potential alternative to the chemicals and as an effective component of IPM program against
P
.
gossypiella
.
Complete closure after endoscopic resection of large nonpedunculated colorectal lesions (LNPCLs) can reduce delayed bleeding but is challenging with conventional through-the-scope (TTS) clips alone. ...The novel dual-action tissue (DAT) clip has clip arms that open and close independently of each other, facilitating tissue approximation. We aimed to evaluate the rate of complete closure and delayed bleeding with the DAT clip after endoscopic resection of LNPCLs.
This was a multicenter prospective cohort study of all patients who underwent defect closure with the DAT clip after EMR or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of LNPCLs ≥20 mm from July 2022 to May 2023. Delayed bleeding was defined as a bleeding event requiring hospitalization, blood transfusion, or any intervention within 30 days after the procedure. Complete closure was defined as apposition of mucosal defect margins without visible submucosal areas <3 mm along the closure line.
One hundred seven patients (median age, 64 years; 42.5% women) underwent EMR (n = 63) or ESD (n = 44) of LNPCLs (median size, 40 mm; 74.8% right-sided colon) followed by defect closure. Complete closure was achieved in 96.3% (n = 103) with a mean of 1.4 ± .6 DAT clips and 2.9 ± 1.8 TTS clips. Delayed bleeding occurred in 1 patient (.9%) without requiring additional interventions.
The use of the DAT clip in conjunction with TTS clips achieved high complete defect closure after endoscopic resection of large LNPCLs and was associated with a .9% delayed bleeding rate. Future comparative trials and formal cost-analyses are needed to validate these findings. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT05852457.).
Introduction: - Urolithiasis is a widespread health problem. The objective of this research was to contrast the use of shock waves extracorporeals lithotripsies’ (ESWL) versus ureterorenoscopy (URS) ...for the proximal ureteric stones treatment. Ureteric stone is a common disease of urinary system in Pakistan. Despite ongoing success in endourological stone treatment, question about optimal management of proximal ureteric stone still remains debatable amongst urologist; therefore this study is being performed to find an appropriate and effective tool to treat ureteric stones.
Objective: - For patients with large proximal ureteric gallstones, our goal was to compare the advantages of ureterorenoscopy with shock wave extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL) (10–15 mm).
Settings: The Karachi-based Sindh Hospital of Urology & Transplantation's Urology Department.
Duration: 6 months from 28-01-2022 to 28-07-2022
Design: Randomized control trial
Subject and Methods: Sixty people were enrolled in the trial, all of whom had a single, radio-opaque stone in the proximal ureter detected by IVU. Thirty patients received ESWL and thirty received URS, both at random. After 3 weeks, x-ray KUB was used to monitor patients in both groups. A computerized pre-structured proforma was used for all data collection.
Result: - The victims were 27.58 6.20 years old on aggregate.There were 38(63.3%) male and 22(36.7%) female. Efficacy of URS treatment was significantly high as compare to ESWL 93.33% vs. 60%; p 0.002.
Conclusion: - This research shows that the results support the hypothesis that URS is more effective for proximal ureteric stone clearance than ESWL.
Aims: To assess medical students’ perception of online teaching to suggest transforming the future curriculum in low-economic countries.
Study Design: Cross-sectional online interview study.
Place ...and Duration of Study: A team of collaborators interviewed final year medical and dental students of Pakistan from 07/08/2020 till 17/09/2020.
Methodology: A questionnaire was developed based on open and close-ended questions in Google forms; focusing on institutional preparedness, views on online education, the institute’s closure and COVID-19, and long-term effects of closure of the institute. Independent fellow researchers systematically analyzed the unaltered transcripts of the responses, and themes were then identified and coded to conclude the results. SPSS version 23 used for analysis. As this study was based on final year students.
Results: In response to an invitation email, 2442/2661 (91.77%) students voluntarily participate in this qualitative study. Most participants were females (1614, 66.10%). Closing down institutes was directly linked to a lack of motivation and feel of helplessness. As most showed dissatisfaction with online teaching compounded by psychological effects, students feared losing clinical skills and life during the pandemic.
Conclusion: The psychological impact of the crisis led to resistance to accepting the change for a better outcome. Incorporating telemedicine, different interactive learning style to online teaching, and resilience training would result in fruitful outcomes. Developed countries may also guide build infrastructure in developing countries to develop a more robust online teaching methodology in the long-run.
PDF
