With contributions from an impressive group of Argentinean and German oceanographers, this book examines classical ecological issues relating to marine ecosystems in the context of climate change. It ...paints a picture of marine ecology at the crossroads of global warming. The book examines the fundamentals of marine ecology: ecosystem stability, wat
The aim of this study was to determine the existence of the circadian rhythm (CR) in the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in different patient subgroups. Information was collected about ...41,244 infarctions from the database of the ARIAM (Analysis of Delay in AMI) Spanish multicenter study. CR in AMI were explored in subgroups of cases categorized by age, gender, previous ischemic heart disease (PIHD), outcome in coronary care unit, infarction electrocardiograph (ECG) characteristics (Q wave or non-Q wave), and location of AMI. Cases were classified according to these variables in the different subgroups. To verify the presence of CR, a simple test of equality of time series based on the multiple-sinusoid (24, 12, and 8 h periods) cosinor analysis was developed. For the groups as a whole, the time of pain onset as an indicator of the AMI occurrence showed a CR (p<0.0001), with a morning peak at 10:10 h. All the analyzed subgroups also showed CR. Comparison between subgroups showed significant differences in the PIHD (p<0.01) and infarction ECG characteristics (p<0.01) groups. The CR of the subgroup with Q-wave infarction differed from that of non-Q wave subgroup (p<0.01) when the patients had PIHD (23% in Q wave infarction vs. 39.2% in non-Q wave). AMI onset followed a CR pattern, which is also observed in all analyzed subgroups. Differences in the CR according to the Q non-Q wave infarction characteristics could be determined by PIHD. The cosinor model fit with three components (24, 12, and 8 h periods) showed a higher sensitivity than the single 24 h period analysis.
The prevalence of high blood pressure in children is increasing worldwide, largely, but not entirely, driven by the concurrent childhood obesity epidemic. The aims of this study were to examine the ...prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in 4-to-6-year-old Spanish schoolchildren, and to evaluate the association between different blood pressure (BP) components with different adiposity indicators.
Cross-sectional study including a sample of 1.604 schoolchildren aged 4-to-6-years belonging to 21 schools from the provinces of Ciudad Real and Cuenca, Spain. We measured height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage (%FM), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure.
The estimates of prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were 12.3% and 18.2%, respectively. In both sexes, adiposity indicators were positively and significantly associated with all BP components (p<0.001), thus schoolchildren in the higher adiposity categories had significantly higher BP levels (p<0.001).
Our results show a high prevalence of high blood pressure in Spanish children. Moreover, high levels of adiposity are associated with high blood pressure in early childhood, which support that it could be related to cardiovascular risk later in life.
This article presents results of the Spanish catheter ablation registry for the year 2022.
Data were retrospectively entered into a REDCap platform using a specific form.
A total of 103 centers ...participated (75 public, 28 private), which reported 23 360 ablation procedures, with a mean of 227±173 and a median of 202 interquartile range, 77-312 procedures per center. Activity significantly increased (+5419 procedures,+30.2%) with more centers participating in the registry (10 more than in 2021). The most common procedure continued to be atrial fibrillation ablation (35%, 8185 procedures) followed by cavotricuspid isthmus ablation (20%, 4640 procedures), and intranodal re-entrant tachycardia (17%, 3898 procedures). There was an increase in all reported substrates, especially atrial fibrillation ablation (+40%), with slightly higher global acute success (96%) and lower complication rates (1.8%) and mortality (0.04%, n=10). In total, 525 procedures were performed in pediatric patients (2.2%)
The Spanish catheter ablation registry systematically and continuously collects the national trajectory, which experienced a significant activity increase in 2022 in all of the reported substrates but especially in atrial fibrillation ablation. Acute success increased, while both complications and mortality decreased.
Se presentan los resultados del Registro español de ablación con catéter correspondientes a 2022.
Registro de actividad restrospectivo de los datos introducidos en la plataforma REDCap utilizando un formulario específico.
Participaron 103 centros (75 públicos, 28 privados) que comunicaron 23.360 procedimientos de ablación, con una media de 227±173 y una mediana de 202 intervalo intercuartílico, 77-312 procedimientos por centro. Se ha producido un incremento muy significativo de la actividad (+5.419 casos,+30,2%) y de los centros participantes (10 centros más que en 2021). El procedimiento más frecuente sigue siendo la ablación de fibrilación auricular (FA) (el 35%, 8.185 casos) seguido de la ablación del istmo cavotricuspídeo (el 20%, 4.640 casos) y la taquicardia por reentrada intranodular (el 17%, 3.898 casos). Crecen todos los sustratos, especialmente la ablación de FA (+40%), y aumenta ligeramente el éxito agudo global, que alcanza el 96%, y disminuyen las tasas de complicaciones hasta el 1,8% (n=422) y de mortalidad (0,04%; n=10). Se realizaron 525 ablaciones en pacientes pediátricos (2,2%).
El Registro español de ablación con catéter recoge de manera sistemática e ininterrumpida la trayectoria nacional, que este año muestra un incremento muy significativo de la actividad en todos los sustratos, pero especialmente la referente a ablación de FA. Aumenta ligeramente la tasa de éxito y se reducen tanto la tasa de complicaciones como la mortalidad.
Chitosan has garnered much interest due to its properties and possible applications. Every year the number of publications and patents based on this polymer increase. Chitosan exhibits poor ...solubility in neutral and basic media, limiting its use in such conditions. Another serious obstacle is directly related to its natural origin. Chitosan is not a single polymer with a defined structure but a family of molecules with differences in their composition, size, and monomer distribution. These properties have a fundamental effect on the biological and technological performance of the polymer. Moreover, some of the biological properties claimed are discrete. In this review, we discuss how chitosan chemistry can solve the problems related to its poor solubility and can boost the polymer properties. We focus on some of the main biological properties of chitosan and the relationship with the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Then, we review two polymer applications related to green processes: the use of chitosan in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and its use as support for biocatalysts. Finally, we briefly describe how making use of the technological properties of chitosan makes it possible to develop a variety of systems for drug delivery.
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous contaminants of great concern for the environment. MPs' presence and concentration in the air, soil, marine, and freshwater environments have been reported as a ...matter of priority in recent years. This review addresses the current knowledge of the main pathways of MPs in air, soil, and freshwater reservoirs in order to provide an integrated understanding of their behaviors in the continental environment. Therefore, MPs' occurrence (as particle counts), sources, and how their features as shape, size, polymer composition, and density could influence their transport and final sink were discussed. Wind resuspension and atmospheric fallout, groundwater migration, runoff from catchments, and water flow from rivers and effluents were pointed as the principal pathways. MPs' size, shape, polymer composition, and density interact with environmental variables as soil structure and composition, precipitation, wind, relative humidity, water temperature, and salinity. Sampling designs for MPs research should further consider soil characteristics, climate variability and extreme events, time lag and grasshopper effects, morphological and hydrological features of aquatic systems, and water currents, among others. Furthermore, long-term monitoring and lab experiments are still needed to understand MPs' behavior in the environment. This information will provide a unified understanding of the continental MPs pathways, including the key main findings, knowledge gaps, and future challenges to understand this emerging contaminant.
Display omitted
•Continental MPs' presence and pathways in air, soils, and freshwater were addressed.•Atmospheric fallout, runoff, groundwater migration, and hydrodynamics are the main pathways.•MPs size, shape, polymer composition, and density interact with environmental variables.•Long-term monitoring and interdisciplinary research are still needed.
PDF
