Data communication has become a major requirement for companies and governmental institutions. Communication is not only limited to one particular local area but covers other areas so as to form a ...wide network (WAN). By using 3-phase DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network) technology, government companies and institutions can communicate securely through the Internet network at lower cost and easier in configuration than similar solutions such as X.25, Frame Relay and ATM. In maximizing the performance of DMVPN required good network management, one of them by using a combination of internal and external routing protocol. In this study the routing protocol used RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP and BGP with different algorithms, to compare them used QoS criteria (throughput, jitter, packet loss, network covergence). Methods of data collection with literature study and literature study, simulation done with 8 stages (problem formulation, conceptual model, input & output data, modeling, simulation, verification & validation, experimentation, and output analysis). The results of this study provide the best QoS value in phase 1 is EIGRP-BGP, phase 2 is EIGRP-BGP, and phase 3 is RIPv2-BGP. And EIGRP-BGP is the best combination of routing protocols for DMVPN.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keterbatasan penggunaan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis IT serta penggunaan model pembelajaran yang kurang inovatif mengakibatkan hasil belajar ...siswa relatif rendah pada mupel IPS. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan desain media pembelajaran, menguji kelayakan dan efektifitas media PROKSINA berbasis Articulate Storyline dengan model pembelajaran TGT pada mupel IPS. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development dengan model pengembangan Borg and Gall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media PROKSINA terdiri dari: halaman opening; menu petunjuk; menu informasi; halaman kompetensi; profil pengembang; daftar referensi; halaman menu utama; menu materi; dan latihan soal. Media PROKSINA memperoleh kategori sangat layak dengan persentase penilaian ahli materi sebesar 96,6%; ahli media 97,2%; dan ahli bahasa 93,7%. Kelayakan media juga didukung oleh hasil angket tanggapan guru dan siswa kelas V memperoleh persentase sebesar 100%. Hasil belajar pretest dan posttest dihitung menggunakan T-test memperoleh sig.(2tailed) sebesar 0,000<0,05 menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan. Sedangkan peningkatan rata-rata (N-gain) 0,49 berada pada kategori sedang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media PROKSINA berbasis Articulate Storyline dengan model pembelajaran TGT sangat layak dan efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar materi Peristiwa Seputar Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia mupel IPS kelas V SDN 2 Sarirejo.
Abstract
This research was motivated by the limited use of IT-based interactive learning media and the use of learning models that were less innovative resulting in relatively low student learning outcomes in the social subjects. The purposes this research were to develop a learning media design, to test the feasibility and effectiveness of PROKSINA media based on Articulate Storyline with the TGT learning model on social subjects. The research used Research and Development method with the Borg and Gall development model. The results showed that PROKSINA media consisted of: opening page; instruction menu; information menu; competency page; profile developer; reference list; main page menu; material menu; and practice questions. PROKSINA's media received the very proper category with a percentage of material experts' assessment of 96.6%; 97.2% media experts, and 93.7% linguists. The feasibility of this media was also supported by the results of the teacher's response questionnaire and the fifth grade students obtained a percentage of 100%. The pretest and posttest learning results were calculated using the T-test to obtain sig. (2 tailed) of 0.000 <0.05 indicating a significant difference, while the average increase (N-gain) 0.49 was in the medium category. It can be concluded that PROKSINA's media based on Articulate Storyline with the TGT learning model is very feasible and effective in improving learning results material for the Events Surrounding the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on social subjects in grade 5th of SDN 2 Sarirejo.
Although children enact third-party punishment, at least in response to harm and fairness violations, much remains unknown about this behavior. We investigated the tendency to make the punishment fit ...the crime in terms of moral domain; developmental patterns across moral domains; the effects of audience and descriptive norm violations; and enjoyment of inflicting punishment. We tested 5- to 11-year-olds in the United Kingdom (N = 152 across two experiments, 55 girls and 97 boys, predominantly White and middle-class). Children acted as referees in a computer game featuring teams of players: As these players violated fairness or loyalty norms, children were offered the opportunity to punish them. We measured the type (fining or banning) and severity of punishment children chose and their enjoyment in doing so. Children only partially made the punishment fit the crime: They showed no systematic punishment choice preference for disloyal players, but tended to fine rather than ban players allocating resources unfairly-a result best explained by equalization concerns. Children's punishment severity was not affected by audience presence or perpetrators' descriptive norm violations, but was negatively predicted by age (unless punishment could be used as an equalization tool). Most children did not enjoy punishing, and those who believed they allocated real punishment reported no enjoyment more often than children who believed they pretended to punish. Contrary to predictions, retribution was not a plausible motive for the observed punishment behavior. Children are likely to have punished for deterrence reasons or because they felt they ought to.
Each year, 5 to 10 million tons of plastic waste is dumped in the oceans via freshwaters and accumulated in huge oceanic gyres. Under the effect of several abiotic factors, macro plastic wastes (or ...plastic wastes with macro sizes) are fractionated into microplastics (MP) and finally reach the nanometric size (nanoplastic NP). To reveal potential toxic impacts of these NPs, two microalgae,
Scenedemus subspicatus
(freshwater green algae), and
Thalassiosira weissiflogii
(marine diatom) were exposed for up to 48 h at 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 μg/L to reference polyethylene NPs (PER) or NPs made from polyethylene collected in the North Atlantic gyre (PEN, 7th continent expedition in 2015). Freshwater filter-feeding bivalves,
Corbicula fluminea
, were exposed to 1000 μg/L of PER and PEN for 48 h to study a possible modification of their filtration or digestion capacity. The results show that PER and PEN do not influence the cell growth of
T. weissiflogii
, but the PEN exposure causes growth inhibition of
S. subspicatus
for all exposure concentrations tested. This growth inhibition is enhanced for a higher concentration of PER or PEN (10,000 μg/L) in
S. subspicatus
. The marine diatom
T. weissiflogii
appears to be less impacted by plastic pollution than the green algae
S. subspicatus
for the exposure time. Exposure to NPs does not lead to any alteration of bivalve filtration; however, fecal and pseudo-fecal production increased after PEN exposure, suggesting the implementation of rejection mechanisms for inedible particles.
Biogas from anaerobic digestion of organic materials is a renewable energy resource that consists mainly of CH₄ and CO₂. Trace components that are often present in biogas are water vapor, hydrogen ...sulfide, siloxanes, hydrocarbons, ammonia, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. Considering the biogas is a clean and renewable form of energy that could well substitute the conventional source of energy (fossil fuels), the optimization of this type of energy becomes substantial. Various optimization techniques in biogas production process had been developed, including pretreatment, biotechnological approaches, co-digestion as well as the use of serial digester. For some application, the certain purity degree of biogas is needed. The presence of CO₂ and other trace components in biogas could affect engine performance adversely. Reducing CO₂ content will significantly upgrade the quality of biogas and enhancing the calorific value. Upgrading is generally performed in order to meet the standards for use as vehicle fuel or for injection in the natural gas grid. Different methods for biogas upgrading are used. They differ in functioning, the necessary quality conditions of the incoming gas, and the efficiency. Biogas can be purified from CO₂ using pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, physical or chemical CO₂ absorption. This paper reviews the various techniques, which could be used to optimize the biogas production as well as to upgrade the biogas quality.
Kharia Residence merupakan perumahan yang masih menggunakan katalog 2D dalam pemasaranya, pihak developer menginginkan adanya inovasi pada media promosinya agar dapat meningkatkan minat konsumen ...terhadap rumah yang ditawarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengembangkan media promosi yang menggunakan 3D dalam menvisualisasikan bangunan rumah dengan memanfaatkan tekonologi Augmented Reality pada katalog perumahanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan metode observasi, kuesioner, studi pustaka dan metode pengembangan sistem Luther. Alat bantu yang digunakan adalah unity 3D sebagai application bulider dan vuforia SDK sebagai library Augmented Reality yang didalamnya terdapat algoritma FAST Corner Detection yang diukur kedalam Star Rating disetiap markernya. Hasil akhir penelitian ini berupa aplikasi katalog home 3D. Untuk keberhasilan kemunculan objek 3D disarankan agar menggunakan spesifikasi platform dan kualitas star rating marker yang tinggi, serta berada di intensitas cahaya sedang (40 – 1000 lux) dan jarak antara marker dengan kamera AR berada disekitar 10 cm sampai 30 cm dengan sudut 600 sampai 900 . Kata Kunci : Augmented Reality, FAST Corner Detection, Star Rating, Marker, Katalog, Rumah.
Abnormally high serum homocysteine levels have been associated with several disorders, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases or neurological diseases. Leptin is an anti-obesity protein and its ...action is mainly mediated by the activation of its Ob-R receptor in neuronal cells. The inability of leptin to induce activation of its specific signaling pathways, especially under endoplasmic reticulum stress, leads to the leptin resistance observed in obesity. The present study examined the effect of homocysteine on leptin signaling in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing the leptin receptor Ob-Rb. Phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and leptin-induced STAT3 transcriptional activity were significantly inhibited by homocysteine treatment. These effects may be specific to homocysteine and to the leptin pathway, as other homocysteine-related compounds, namely methionine and cysteine, have weak effect on leptin-induced inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation, and homocysteine has no impact on IL-6-induced activation of STAT3. The direct effect of homocysteine on leptin-induced Ob-R activation, analyzed by Ob-R BRET biosensor to monitor Ob-R oligomerization and conformational change, suggested that homocysteine treatment does not affect early events of leptin-induced Ob-R activation. Instead, we found that, unlike methionine or cysteine, homocysteine increases the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response gene, a homocysteine-sensitive ER resident protein. These results suggest that homocysteine may induce neuronal resistance to leptin by suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation downstream of the leptin receptor via ER stress.
There is global demand for novel ecotoxicity testing tools that are based on alternative to animal models, have high throughput potential, and may be applicable to a wide diversity of taxa. Here we ...scaled up a microplate-based cell-free neurochemical testing platform to screen 800 putative endocrine disrupting chemicals from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast e1k library against the glutamate (NMDA), muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh), and dopamine (D2) receptors. Each assay was tested in cellular membranes isolated from brain tissues from a representative bird (zebra finch = Taeniopygia castanotis), mammal (mink = Neogale vison), and fish (rainbow trout = Oncorhynchus mykiss). The primary objective of this short communication was to make the results database accessible, while also summarising key attributes of assay performance and presenting some initial observations. In total, 7200 species-chemical-assay combinations were tested, of which 453 combinations were classified as a hit (radioligand binding changed by at least 3 standard deviations). There were some differences across species, and most hits were found for the D2 and NMDA receptors. The most active chemical was C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 followed by Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, Gentian Violet, SR271425, and Zamifenacin. Nine chemicals were tested across multiple plates with a mean relative standard deviation of the specific radioligand binding data being 24.6%. The results demonstrate that cell-free assays may serve as screening tools for large chemical libraries especially for ecological species not easily studied using traditional methods.
•Cell-free neurochemical assays can screen large chemical libraries.•We screened 800 chemicals against 3 receptor assays in a fish, mammal, and bird.•453 of 7200 species-chemical-assay combinations were classified as a hit.•Most active chemicals were pharmaceuticals and chemical intermediates.
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